Term
| International Development |
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Definition
| the global improvement of social and environmental well being |
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Term
| The UN's "Millenium Development Goals" |
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Definition
1. Eradicate extreme hunger and poverty
2. Achieve universal primary education
3. Empower women and promote gender equality
4. Reduce child mortality
5. Improve maternal health
6. Combat HIV/Aids, Malaria, and other diseases
7. Ensure enviromental sustainability
8. Develop a gloal partnership for development
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Term
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Definition
(gross domestic product)
the value of all goods and services produced within a country |
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Term
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Definition
(gross national product)
GDP + Imports - Exports |
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Term
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Definition
(gross national income)
the same as GNP |
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Term
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Definition
-The country's GNP in a given year divided by population of that year
-very rough approximate of country's average income |
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Term
| 3 major drawbacks of GNP/Capita |
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Definition
1. The Spacial Scale Issue
2. The Social Distribution Issue
3. The Economism Issue |
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Term
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Definition
| Most countries have regional disparities in GNP/capita |
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Term
| The Social Distribution Issue |
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Definition
| Most countries have social disparities as indicated by their GINI coeffecient |
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Term
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Definition
| A measure of statistical dispersion |
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Term
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Definition
-there are other ways to measure development besides income
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Term
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Definition
(human development index)
-standard of living by GDP/capita
-health measured by life expectancy
-knowledge |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the levels of HDI? |
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Definition
>.80 is high
.79-.50 medium
<.50 is low
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Term
| What are the 3 development models? |
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Definition
1. Modernization Model
2. Dependency Model
3. Neo-Liberal Model |
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Term
| Who came up with the Modernization Model? |
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Definition
Walter Rostwow in his 1960 book "Stages of Economic Growth: A Non-Communist Manifesto"
-Originated during the cold war
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Term
| What are the stages of the Modernization Model? |
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Definition
1.Traditional Society
2. Pre-conditions to Take Off
3. Take Off
4. Drive to Maturity
5. High Mass Consumption |
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Term
| How can a developed first world aid an undeveloped third world in stages 2-3 of the Modernization Model? |
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Definition
1. Investing in infrastructure
2. Granting low-interest rates
3. Technology transfer |
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Term
| Who developed the Dependency Model and when? |
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Definition
Andre Gunder Frank in his book "Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America" (1967)
-origin during cold war |
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Term
| According to the Dependency Model, why does underdevelopment occur? |
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Definition
| B/c of exploitation by the First World (core) on the Third World (periphery) |
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Term
| The Dependency Model claims the need for what 5 things? |
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Definition
1. Socialism
2. Protective tariffs
3. Land reform to promote rural product.
4. Nationalize fixed capital
5. Increase market size with common market blocks |
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Term
| Who developed the Neo-Liberal Model? |
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Definition
Adam Smith in "Wealth of Nations" (1776)
and also
David Recardo in "Principles of Political Economy" (1817) |
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Term
| What is the Neo-Liberal Model? |
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Definition
-argued that mechantilism artificially limited the production of new wealth in the world
-argued for laissez-faire markets with less protectionism, monopolies, and taxation
-KEY IDEAS: division of labor and comparative advantage |
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Term
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Definition
| A resurgance of classical liberal economics beginning in the 1970s |
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Term
| What is the degree of the Tropic of Cancer? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the degree of the Tropic of Capricorn? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the global percipitation pattern controlled by? |
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Definition
| latitude, elevation, and wind |
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Term
| What is the global wind pattern controlled by? |
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Definition
| Temperature and Global Rotation |
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Term
Types of Wind Patterns?
(Ascending and Descending) |
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Definition
1. Ascending Air near the Equator -equitorial low, wet/humid climate
2.Descending Air near 30 N/S- subtropical highs, arid dry climate
3. Ascending Air near 60 N/S- Upper/Mid Lattitude Lows and Polar Lows-wet humid climate
4. Descending Air near Poles- polar highs-dry arid climate |
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Term
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Definition
| Come from the NE in the Northern Hemisphere and the SE in the Southern Hemisphere |
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Term
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Definition
| Winds from the Southwest in the Northern Hemispher and from the Northwest in the Southern Hemisphere |
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Term
| What does the entire wind system migrate with? |
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Definition
| The seasons...pole ward in the summer and equator ward in the winter |
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Term
| Describe wet windward slopes and rain shadows. |
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Definition
| If a mountain is on an ocean then the wind will come in and make the warm ocean air rise. It then cools and rains down one slope of the mountain and the other side is still dry. |
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Term
| What are the different types of Climates? |
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Definition
1. Tropical Wet
2. Tropical Wet/Dry
3.Steppe
4.Desert
5.Mid-altitude
6. Subtropical
7. Mediterranean
8. Continental Winter Dry
9. Continental Moist All Year
10. Artic
11. High Altitude |
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Term
| Describe a Tropical Wet Climate |
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Definition
| Lots of rainforests, tropical, humid |
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Term
| Tropical Wet/Dry climate? |
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Definition
| mixture of wood and grasslands, not as much rain as the Tropical Wet, but still humid |
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Term
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Definition
| Semi-arid, little more precipitation in the summer |
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Term
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Definition
| The driest, caused by dominance of high pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| Moist all year, very green environment, temperate climate |
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Term
| Subtropical Climate (Temperate Climate) |
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Definition
| Winter dry, lack of precipitation, mixture of woods and land |
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Term
| Mediterranean Climate (Temperate Climate) |
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Definition
| Summer Dry, alternating sub-tropical high |
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Term
| Continental with Winter Dry (cooler humid climate) |
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Definition
| cold and dry, less forests |
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Term
| Continental with Moisture All Year Climate (Cooler Humid Climate) |
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Definition
| Precipitation all year, in the middle of the westerlies |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| High Altitude (Coldest Climates) |
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Definition
| Cold all year bc of the elevation |
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Term
| What are the internal processes of convergence? |
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Definition
Pressure
Subduction
Heating
Folding |
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Term
| What are two types of weathering? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the elements of Erosion and Transport? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the elements of Deposition? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 periods in Global Population History? |
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Definition
1. Hunting Gathering
2. Agricultural
3. Industrial |
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Term
| Describe the Hunter-Gatherer Period |
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Definition
-hunting, gathering, and fishing were the primary way to live
-before 8000 bc (10000 yrs ago)
-global population circa 1/4 millon |
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Term
| Describe the agriculture period |
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Definition
-Agriculture is the primary way to live
-8000 BC to 1700
-Global Population 1/2 billion in 1500 |
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Term
| Describe the Industrial Period |
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Definition
1.Emerged during 1700s in the UK
2. Population explodes |
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Term
| What are the 5 stages of Demographic Transition Model? |
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Definition
Stage 1- Characterized by high fluctuating birth rate (30-40/1000) and high fluctuating death rate (30-40/1000) and stable population
Stage 2-Continuing high birth rate and decreasing death rate and high population growth (+2.5 per year)
Stage 3- Birth rate decreases to match death rate and population goes down
Stage 4-Low birth and death rates (10/1000) and population stable
Stage 5-Birth Rate decreases below death rate and population declines
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