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GEOGRAPHY

The study of the world, its people and the landscapes they create

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LANDSCAPE

all the human and physical features that make a place unique

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SOCIAL SCIENCE

a field of science that studies people and the relationships among them.

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REGION

A part of the world that has one or more common features that distinguishes it from surrounding areas.

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MAP

A flat drawing that shows all or part of Earth's surface. There are different thypes of maps.

1. Political Maps (Show the political features of a region)
2. Physical Maps (Show the major physical features of a region)
3. Special Purpose Maps (on special topic, such as climate, resources, population.)

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GLOBE

A sphericial, or ball-shaped, model of the entire planet.

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ABSOLUTE LOCATION

A specific description or exact address of a place. The grid lines on a map help to find the absolute location.

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RELATIVE LOCATION

The general description of where a place lies.  You can use a Compass Rose on a map to help you find the relative location of an area.

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ENVIRONMENT

An area's environment that includes:

1. land
2. water
3. climate
4. plants
5. animals

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GRID

• is a pattern or system of imagingary map lines that circles the globe in east-west and north south direction that help to identify the exact address  or the absolute location of areas on a map.

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LINES OF LATITUDE

or

PARALLELS

1. Lines that run east to west on the globe or a map. 
2. They are also called parellels because they are parellel to each other.
3. Lines of Latitude range from O° for locations on the equator to 90°N or 90°S for locations near the poles.

                      [image]

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EQUATOR

An imaginary line that circles the globe halfway between the North and the South Poles.

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LINES OF LONGTITUDE

or

MERIDIANS

1. The lines of longtitude are also called meridians. 
2. These lines pass through the  north and the south poles. 
3. They  measure distance east and west of the prime meridian.

                    [image]

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PRIME MERIDIAN

The imaginary line that runs through Greenwich, England.  It represents 0° longtitude.

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DEGREES

You measure the distance from the equator in degrees. The symbol for degrees is ° .  To break down degrees even more you can measure it by minutes.

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CYLINDRICAL PROJECTION

• The cylindrical projection is based on a cylindar wrapped around the globe. 
• The cylinder touches the globe only at the equator. The meridaians are pulled apart and are parallel to each other instead of meeting at the poles.This causes land masses near the pole to appear larger than they really are.
• An example of cylindrical projection is the Mercator projection.  It is is useful for navigators because it shows the true direction and shape.                                                [image]

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CONIC

PROJECTIONS

These are projections that are based on a cone placed over a globe.  A conic projection is most accurate along the lines of latitude where it touches the globe.  Conic projections are most useful for showing areas that have long east-west dimensions such as the United States.

                       [image]

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FLAT PLANE

PROJECTIONS

This projection is based on a plane touching the globe at one point, such as at the North Pole or South Pole.  It is useful for showing true directions f,or airplpane pilots and ship navigators.  It also shows true area, but it changes the true shape of landmasses.

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HOW TO READ A MAP

To help us understand how to read a map, a map has features to help us understand how to read it.  They are:

1. A Title
2. A compass Rose
3. A Scale
4. A Legend

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COMPASS ROSE

A directional indicator on a map, whichas arrows that point to all four principal directions (North, South, East and West)

                       [image]

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SCALE

Map makers use scales to represent the distances between points on a map.  Scales may appear on maps in different forms.                                                                

           [image]

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LEGEND

The legend is also sometimes called the key.  It explains what the symbols  are on the map.

[image]