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| Earth Systems Science (2) |
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| Human-Earth relationships (3) |
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| Steady-state equalibrium (9) |
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| Global Positioning System GPS (19) |
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| Greenwhich Meantime GMT (23) |
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| International Date Line (23) |
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| Coordianted Universal Time UTC (25) |
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| Daylight Savings Time (25) |
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| Geographic Information Systems GIS (33) |
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| Planetesimal Hypothesis (42) |
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| electomagnetic spectrum (46) |
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| Circle of the ecliptic (53) |
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| Winter solstice, December solstice (55) |
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| Vernal equinox, March equinox (55) |
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| Summer Solstice, June Solstice (55) |
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| Autumnal Equinox, September Equinox (55) |
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| That portion of the homosphere that ranges from 20-50k. (12.5 to 30mi) above Earth's surface, with temperatures ranging from -57 %C and _70% F at the tropopause to 0%C (32%F) at the stratopause. The functinal ozonosphere is within the stratosphere. |
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| The troposphere is the final layer encountered by incoming solar radiation as it surges through the atmosphere to the surface. It is the home of the biosphere, the atmospheric layer that supports life, and the region of principal weather activity. |
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| The zone of the troposphere defined by temperature; wherever -57%C(-70%F) occurs. |
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| The average rate of temperature decrease with increasing altitude in the lower atmosphere; an average value of 6.4C% per km, or 1000m (3.5 F% per 1000ft). (Compare environmental lapse rate.) |
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| Environmental Lapse Rate (68) |
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| The actual lapse rate in the lower atmosphere at any particular time under local weather conditions; may deviate above or below the normal lapse rate of 6.4C% per 1000m (3.5 F% per 1000ft). (Compare normal lapse rate) |
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| A layer in the atmosphere above 80km (50mi) where gamma, X-ray and some ultraviolet radiation is absorbed and converted into infrared and where the solar wind stimulates the auroras |
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| Ozonosphere, ozone layer (68) |
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| A layer of ozone occupying the full extent of the stratosphere (20 to 50km, or 12-30mi) above the surface; the region of the atmosphere where ultraviolet wavelength of insolation are extensively absorbed and converted into heat. |
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| Chlorofluorocarbon CFC (69) |
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| A manufactured molecule (polymer) made of chlorine, fluorine, and carbon; inert and possessing remarkable heat properties; also known as one of the halogens. After violet radiation, freeing chlorine atoms that act as a catalyst to produce reactions, freeing chlorine atoms that act as a catalyst to produce reactions that destroy ozone; manufacture banned by international treaties. |
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| Temperature Inversion (75) |
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| A reversal of the normal decrease of temperature with increasing altitude; can occur anywhere from ground level up to several thousand meters; functions to block atmospheric convection and thereby trap pollutants. |
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| Small particles of dust, soot and pollution suspended in the air. |
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| an odorless, colorless, tasteless combination of carbon and oxygen produced by the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels other carbon-containing substances; toxicity to humans is due to its affinity for hemoglobin, displacing oxygen in the bloodstream. |
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| Air pollution produced by the interaction of ultraviolet light, nitrogen oxide, and hydrocarbons; produces ozone and PAN through a series of complex photochemical reactions. Automobiles are the major source of the contributive gases. |
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| A noxious (harmful) reddish-brown gas produced in combustion engines; can be damaging to human respiratory tracts and o plants; participates in photochemical reactions and acid deposition. |
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| Peroxyacetyl Nirates PAN (78) |
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| Volatile Organic Compounds VOC (79) |
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| Particulate Matter PM (80) |
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| Anthropogenic Atmosphere (80) |
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| Cloud-albedo forcing (93) |
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| Cloud - Greenhouse Forcing (94) |
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| Net Radiation NET R (101) |
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| Land-Water Heating Differences (120) |
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