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| study of both our planet and the people who live on it |
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| focuses on earth and it physical environment. (mountains, plateaus, other landforms) |
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| studies how human groups live and change in relation to the physical environment. |
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| movement of groups of people out of different regions. |
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| movement of groups of people into different regions. |
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| precise points on a map or grid |
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| the ability to express a location in relation to other sites. |
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| (parallels) horizontal lines of the Earth's grid that are set up like rungs of a ladder to measure how far north or south from the Equator a location is. |
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| parallel line that cuts right through the center of the Earth horizontally and has a location of 0 degrees. |
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| (meridians) vertical lines of the Earth's grid that stretch "Long-ways" from the North Pole to the South Pole. |
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| (Greenwich, England), which also has a location of 0 degrees. |
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| 24 times zones altogether. associated with longitude and change at every 15th meridian. |
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| U.S. has four time zones (Eastern, Central, Mountain, and Pacific), each an hour later as one moves from the East Coast to the west. |
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| World is divided into four hemispheres based on these absolute locations: Northern Hemisphere (above equator), Southern Hemisphere (below equator), Eastern (east of prime meridian) and the Western Hemisphere |
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| North America, South America, Asia, Africa, Antarctica, Australia, and Europe. pg.239 |
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Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Artic
Some consider Antarctic (southern ocean) |
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| Greatest mountain system in the world |
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| Himalayas, forms a barrier between the Plateau of Tibet to the north and the plains of the Indian subcontinent to the south. 1,550 miles 110 peaks rise to elevations above 24,000ft. Mount Everest- 29,035ft |
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| have raised features to show elevation |
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| also show detailed elevations and other features or the terrain using contour lines, but are flat. |
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| are also flat but use varied colors and details to show landform features. |
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found in atlases, road maps, etc.
show location |
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| are those that show various other things about a place, such as its population, vegetation, language spoken, or many other themes. |
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| show boundaries of nations and states with their capital cities. |
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| discusses how the exchange of ideas, thought processes, inventions, beliefs, agricultures, and so on, spread as groups of groups of people come into contact with other groups physically or throught technology. |
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| refers to average weather conditions over a long period of time, taking into account temperatures, wind, and amount of precipitation. |
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| is the atmospheric conditions during a short periods; may change from day to day. |
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| three general regions of climate |
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| polar regions, temperate regions, and the tropics. |
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| rays are least strong, North and South poles. Within arctic and Antarctic circles, are extremely cold with light precipitation, usually in the form of snow. |
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middle regions between the poles and the equator.
generally do not have extreme temperatures and are characterized by four distinct seasons. |
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| four kinds of temperate climates |
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| marine, continental, desert, and mountain |
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| found near seacoasts, is mild with moderate to heavy precipitation in all seasons. |
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| or Mediterranean, climate of inland regions is characterized by hot summers, mild to cold winters, and light precipitation. |
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| hot and dry with scarce precipitation |
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| or highlands climate tends to be cool with moderate precipitation. |
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| an imaginary horizontal circle around the earth (latitude) north of the equator (23.5N) that marks the northern boundary of the tropics. climate is normally warm all year. |
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| an imaginary horizontal circle around the earth (latitude) south (23.5S) of the equator that marks the southern boundary of the tropics. climate is normally warm all year round. pg245 |
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| suns rays are most strong and direct, the area near the equator. climate is almost unchanging- very hot, humid and wet. (Jungles and rain forests) |
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| any material supplied by the Earth that people can put to use. |
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| those that can be replaced in the foreseeable future. (forests can be replanted after cutting down trees) |
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| minerals in the earth's crust. metal ores (iron, gold, silver) and fossil fuels ( oil natural gas, coal) |
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| land suitable for farming |
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| the process of using water to turn wheels and generate electricity. |
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| Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) |
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| monitors air and water and track down polluters. |
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| four major land regions in Texas |
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| Gulf coastal plains, north central plains, great plains, and mountains and basins. pg.247 |
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| an immense lowland area in the southern and eastern portions of Texas, covers about one third of the state. |
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| western edge of the gulf coastal plains stands a line of southward and eastward facing hills. often called the hill country. most of this land is used for raising cattle. |
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| makes up the eastern section of the gulf coastal plains. the area of vast pine forests and the lands immediately to the west are suitable for diversified farming and livestock. |
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| balcony like hills that mark the boundary between lowland and upland Texas. picture pg.247 |
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| underground geologic formation that is water bearing or that stores or transmits water. |
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| extends into the northernmost areas of Texas, including the panhandle. suitable for raising cattle, sheep, and goats. some areas are developing energy in vast wind farms. |
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| mountain and basins region |
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| trans-Pecos region is located in the west/southwest corner of the state where many mountains and basins are found. region is very rocky and dry. limited agriculture. |
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| patterns of behavior that take into account a group's beliefs and thoughts, ways of acting/ norms, products, ways of speaking/ language, traditions, and so forth. |
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| offers a model for having children retain their heritage and, at the same time, add American heritage. |
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| looks at the connections between Americans and the other people in the world. |
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| references those who live in America and the many cultures here. |
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