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Geography
Geography
55
Social Studies
Not Applicable
02/02/2017

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Term
Geography
Definition
study of both our planet and the people who live on it
Term
Physical Geography
Definition
focuses on earth and it physical environment. (mountains, plateaus, other landforms)
Term
Cultural Geography
Definition
studies how human groups live and change in relation to the physical environment.
Term
Emigration
Definition
movement of groups of people out of different regions.
Term
immigration
Definition
movement of groups of people into different regions.
Term
absolute location
Definition
precise points on a map or grid
Term
relative location
Definition
the ability to express a location in relation to other sites.
Term
latitude
Definition
(parallels) horizontal lines of the Earth's grid that are set up like rungs of a ladder to measure how far north or south from the Equator a location is.
Term
Equator
Definition
parallel line that cuts right through the center of the Earth horizontally and has a location of 0 degrees.
Term
longitude
Definition
(meridians) vertical lines of the Earth's grid that stretch "Long-ways" from the North Pole to the South Pole.
Term
Prime Meridian
Definition
(Greenwich, England), which also has a location of 0 degrees.
Term
Time Zones
Definition
24 times zones altogether. associated with longitude and change at every 15th meridian.
Term
U.S time zones
Definition
U.S. has four time zones (Eastern, Central, Mountain, and Pacific), each an hour later as one moves from the East Coast to the west.
Term
Hemispheres
Definition
World is divided into four hemispheres based on these absolute locations: Northern Hemisphere (above equator), Southern Hemisphere (below equator), Eastern (east of prime meridian) and the Western Hemisphere
Term
7 continents
Definition
North America, South America, Asia, Africa, Antarctica, Australia, and Europe. pg.239
Term
4 oceans
Definition
Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Artic
Some consider Antarctic (southern ocean)
Term
Greatest mountain system in the world
Definition
Himalayas, forms a barrier between the Plateau of Tibet to the north and the plains of the Indian subcontinent to the south. 1,550 miles 110 peaks rise to elevations above 24,000ft. Mount Everest- 29,035ft
Term
Relief maps
Definition
have raised features to show elevation
Term
Topographic maps
Definition
also show detailed elevations and other features or the terrain using contour lines, but are flat.
Term
Physical maps
Definition
are also flat but use varied colors and details to show landform features.
Term
Reference maps
Definition
found in atlases, road maps, etc.
show location
Term
Thematic maps
Definition
are those that show various other things about a place, such as its population, vegetation, language spoken, or many other themes.
Term
political maps
Definition
show boundaries of nations and states with their capital cities.
Term
Cultural diffusion
Definition
discusses how the exchange of ideas, thought processes, inventions, beliefs, agricultures, and so on, spread as groups of groups of people come into contact with other groups physically or throught technology.
Term
climate
Definition
refers to average weather conditions over a long period of time, taking into account temperatures, wind, and amount of precipitation.
Term
weather
Definition
is the atmospheric conditions during a short periods; may change from day to day.
Term
three general regions of climate
Definition
polar regions, temperate regions, and the tropics.
Term
polar regions
Definition
rays are least strong, North and South poles. Within arctic and Antarctic circles, are extremely cold with light precipitation, usually in the form of snow.
Term
temperate regions
Definition
middle regions between the poles and the equator.
generally do not have extreme temperatures and are characterized by four distinct seasons.
Term
four kinds of temperate climates
Definition
marine, continental, desert, and mountain
Term
Marine climate
Definition
found near seacoasts, is mild with moderate to heavy precipitation in all seasons.
Term
continental climate
Definition
or Mediterranean, climate of inland regions is characterized by hot summers, mild to cold winters, and light precipitation.
Term
desert climate
Definition
hot and dry with scarce precipitation
Term
mountain climate
Definition
or highlands climate tends to be cool with moderate precipitation.
Term
Tropic of Cancer
Definition
an imaginary horizontal circle around the earth (latitude) north of the equator (23.5N) that marks the northern boundary of the tropics. climate is normally warm all year.
Term
Tropic of Capricorn
Definition
an imaginary horizontal circle around the earth (latitude) south (23.5S) of the equator that marks the southern boundary of the tropics. climate is normally warm all year round. pg245
Term
Tropical climate
Definition
suns rays are most strong and direct, the area near the equator. climate is almost unchanging- very hot, humid and wet. (Jungles and rain forests)
Term
natural resource
Definition
any material supplied by the Earth that people can put to use.
Term
renewable resources
Definition
those that can be replaced in the foreseeable future. (forests can be replanted after cutting down trees)
Term
nonrenewable resources
Definition
minerals in the earth's crust. metal ores (iron, gold, silver) and fossil fuels ( oil natural gas, coal)
Term
arable land
Definition
land suitable for farming
Term
hydroelectric power
Definition
the process of using water to turn wheels and generate electricity.
Term
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Definition
monitors air and water and track down polluters.
Term
four major land regions in Texas
Definition
Gulf coastal plains, north central plains, great plains, and mountains and basins. pg.247
Term
gulf coastal plains
Definition
an immense lowland area in the southern and eastern portions of Texas, covers about one third of the state.
Term
North central plains
Definition
western edge of the gulf coastal plains stands a line of southward and eastward facing hills. often called the hill country. most of this land is used for raising cattle.
Term
Piney woods
Definition
makes up the eastern section of the gulf coastal plains. the area of vast pine forests and the lands immediately to the west are suitable for diversified farming and livestock.
Term
Balcones Escarpment
Definition
balcony like hills that mark the boundary between lowland and upland Texas. picture pg.247
Term
aquifer
Definition
underground geologic formation that is water bearing or that stores or transmits water.
Term
great plains
Definition
extends into the northernmost areas of Texas, including the panhandle. suitable for raising cattle, sheep, and goats. some areas are developing energy in vast wind farms.
Term
mountain and basins region
Definition
trans-Pecos region is located in the west/southwest corner of the state where many mountains and basins are found. region is very rocky and dry. limited agriculture.
Term
Culture
Definition
patterns of behavior that take into account a group's beliefs and thoughts, ways of acting/ norms, products, ways of speaking/ language, traditions, and so forth.
Term
salad bowl theory
Definition
offers a model for having children retain their heritage and, at the same time, add American heritage.
Term
Global education
Definition
looks at the connections between Americans and the other people in the world.
Term
multicultural education
Definition
references those who live in America and the many cultures here.
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