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| the native (indigenous) inhabitants of a country; now normally refers to the original inhabitants of Australia |
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| process of erosion when the load in a river or sea scrapes and wears away the bed, banks or cliffs; also called corrasion |
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| how easy or difficult it is getting to or from a place with regard to transport networks and infrastructure; also called links |
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| rain polluted by industry and transport emissions; kills trees, and fish in lakes; power stations in the U.K. 'export' acid rain to Norway and Sweden on the prevailing south-westerly winds |
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| volcano that has recently erupted (Montserrat - West Indies, Vesuvius - Italy, Etna - Italy, the Iceland volcanoes) and will erupt again in the future |
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| the planting of new, young trees to prevent soil erosion and flooding, i.e. in the Himalayas of Nepal; also called reafforestation; see also deforestation and desertification |
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| tremors in the earth's crust that come after an earthquake; they can be small or large and can cause damaged buildings to collapse and kill people who survived the main earthquake; e.g. Haiti 2010 |
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| rivers, sea, glaciers, wind |
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| period during the 19th. century when new machines and farming methods enabled more food to be produced; see also Green Revolution and yield |
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| a very large body of air with the same temperature and moisture |
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| the weight of the air measured in millibars |
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| mud and silt deposited by a river on its flood plain |
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| an instrument that measures wind speed |
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| an agreement between 46 countries that makes the South Pole continent, which no country owns but many claim slices of, a global natural reserve; this means that land and sea resources such as oil, rare-earth metals, fish, penguins and krill are protected from exploitation and destructive activities; there is also supposed to be no military weaponry on Antarctica; it has been suggested that recently-increased tourism (pollution, habitat disturbance) poses a threat as well; see also food chain |
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| an upfold in rock strata; often contains pockets of oil and gas |
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| area of high air pressure; descending air so little clouds or rain; gives hot, dry spells in the summer and cold, frosty spells in the winter |
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small scale, simple tools and techniques used in agriculture
in L.E.D.Cs. |
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| water-bearing rock strata; Cambridge's water supplies come from the chalk rocks under the Gogmagog hills; an aquifer is also found deep beneath the Sahara Desert; see also ground water |
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| the growing and harvesting of crops |
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| feature of coastal erosion formed when two caves erode back and meet in a headland, e.g. Durdle Door in Dorset |
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| a necklace or chain of islands, e.g. the Aleutian Islands off Alaska |
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| the extent of the land surface on an O.S. map that is covered by, for example, woods or buildings; it is expressed in square kilometres (sq.kms.); each grid square on the O.S. map is 1 sq.km. |
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| a narrow, knife-edged ridge in mountains like the Alps or Himalayas; found between two corries and formed by glacial erosion and frost-shattering |
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| fine, glassy debris ejected from a volcano; too much can bury crops and houses but it can also weather over centuries into fertile soil for farmers; can also disrupt transport by blocking jet engines and can block out the sun affecting harvests (Iceland); also called tephra |
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| direction which a slope or building faces in relation to the sun |
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| gathering many components and putting them together to make a finished product such as a car; see also factory, maufacturing and secondary industry |
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| the conveyor belt process for making a car whereby the components are added to the chassis or framework as it moves past |
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| the layer of air round the earth |
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| load in a river or sea bashing against itself, gradually becoming smaller and smoother |
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| usually 22nd. September; see also equinox |
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| a large amount of snow, ice and rock falling suddenly down a mountainside; caused by heavy snow, steep slopes, sudden thaws, vibrations from earthquakes and, increasingly today, global warming; see also föhn |
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| the imaginary line running through the centre of the earth joining the North Pole and the South Pole around which the earth rotates from west to east once every 24 hours |
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