Term
| Put these eras in order from first to last: Mesozoic, Cenozoic, Precambrian, Palaeozoic |
|
Definition
| Prcambrian, Palaeozoic, Mosozoic, Cenozoic |
|
|
Term
| Name three events that happened in the Precambrian Era. |
|
Definition
| Formation of the Precambrian Shields; first single-and-multi-celled organisms. |
|
|
Term
| Name three events that happened in the Palaeozoic Era. |
|
Definition
| Much of North America covered by shallow seas; first land animals and plants; age of amphibians and fish. |
|
|
Term
| Name three events that happened in the Mesozoic Era. |
|
Definition
| Rocky Mountains begin to form; age of dinosaurs; first birds and mammals |
|
|
Term
| Name three events that happened in the Cenozoic Era. |
|
Definition
| Beginning of human life; Ice Age; Age of Mammals |
|
|
Term
| What is the Canadian Shield? |
|
Definition
| The Canadian Shield is a massive rocky crust under Canada, formed of Igneous and Metamorphic rock. It has mineral and metal deposits from water and magma filling cracks inside of it and turning solid. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Molten rock. The mantle, the area beneath the earth's crust, is filled with magma. |
|
|
Term
| Name the three kinds of rock. |
|
Definition
| Igneous, Metamorphic, Sedimentary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Magma that has cooled down and become a waterproof solid. Lake beds are often made of Igneous rock. An example of Igneous rock is basalt.
for a picture of basalt, go to:
http://seis.natsci.csulb.edu/basicgeo/BASALT/Basalt_handspec_aphanetic.jpeg |
|
|
Term
| Define: Metamorphic rock (hint: "morph" means to change) |
|
Definition
When Igneous or Sedimentary rock is exposed to great heat and/or pressure, they become Metamorphic rock. An example of Metamorphic rock is Quartzite.
For a picture of quartzite, go to:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Quartzite.jpg |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Weight of collected sediments causes the layer of sediment on the bottom of the pile to harden into rock. Earth with lots of sedimenentary rock often has oil and gas deposits. An example of sedimentary rock is limestone.
To see a picture of limestone, go to:
http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/arts/pictures/limestone.jpg |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When bits of stone and earth are worn away. These worn bits are called sediment. |
|
|
Term
| Name some forces of erosion? |
|
Definition
--water (flowing water, melting water, and freezing water)
--wind
--glaciers
--precipitation
--chemical reaction (i.e. acid rain) |
|
|
Term
| What is the magmatic rock cycle? |
|
Definition
| Any kind of rock may melt, becoming magma. When it re-hardens, it becomes igneous rock.If this rock is exposed to great heat or pressure, it becomes metamorphic rock. Either igneous or metamorphic rock may be eroded, turning into sediment. This sediment hardens under pressure into sedimentary rock, which may again melt into magma. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An ice age is a period when earth's temperature drops and many land masses are covered with ice. The last ice age was 10,000 years ago. |
|
|
Term
| how do ice ages alter landforms? |
|
Definition
| Glaciers, which are mountains of ice, move slowly across the land. They crush rocks, erode land masses, and push piles of small crushed debris in front of them. This debris is called till, and it can build up into new land forms. |
|
|
Term
| name the three types of till and define them. |
|
Definition
1. a moraine is a hill of till, left when a glacier melts and leaves the till inside it in a pile.
2. an esker is a "river" of till (river shaped formation) that is formed of till pushed in front of a glacier
3. a drumlin is a formation of till that looks like a squashed football, formed of till that gets under a glacier and is squashed flat. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A theory that says that the continents rest on "plates", massive slabs of rock that float on the mantle, which is basically a sea of magma. "Convection currents" cause these plates to shift and move around. |
|
|
Term
| What happens when two plates hit each other? |
|
Definition
| Two plates colliding can cause earthquakes (when they slide past each other), tsunamis (when an earthquake takes place under water) and volcanic eruptions. |
|
|
Term
| How are mountains formed? |
|
Definition
| When two tectonic plates crash together, they sometimes crumple, pushing up mountains. |
|
|
Term
| Put these mountain ranges in order of formation: Rockies; Appalachians; Innuitian |
|
Definition
| Appalachians; Innuitian; Rockies |
|
|
Term
| Name two opposing forces of geological forces. |
|
Definition
| Erosion (land wearing down) conflicts with tectonic activities (land being built higher). |
|
|
Term
| How old is the earth estimated to be? |
|
Definition
| 4,600,000,000 years old (4 billion, 600 million) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| define: deposition (hint: deposit) |
|
Definition
| "the gradual laying down of materials" |
|
|
Term
| Name a force that builds up the land. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is the process of land-building measured in years, decades, centuries, millenia, millions of years, or tens of millions of years? |
|
Definition
| tens of millions of years |
|
|
Term
| What are three types of landforms in Canada? |
|
Definition
| shield, highlands, lowlands |
|
|
Term
| How did glaciation affect the Shield's drainage system? |
|
Definition
| the ice scraped gouges and holes in the bedrock, which filled with water and now have become lakes. it also dumped till, blocking rivers and keeping them from draining in an organized fashion. |
|
|
Term
| Why would two different kinds of minerals often be found together? |
|
Definition
| because they have the same density |
|
|
Term
| what is differential erosion? |
|
Definition
| soft rocks eroding more quickly than hard rocks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a sharp rise or cliff formed when soft rock erodes and leaves behind only hard rock |
|
|
Term
| In which landform region do we live? |
|
Definition
| Great Lakes-St. Lawrence lowlands |
|
|
Term
| Describe the Appalachian Mountains. |
|
Definition
| Oldest highlands in N. America; rounded because of age; made of sedimentary rock |
|
|
Term
| Describe the Innuitian Mountains |
|
Definition
| Located in the far north; mostly composed of sedimentary but have some igneous and metamorphic rock; barren and rocky |
|
|
Term
| Describe the Western Cordillera |
|
Definition
| very high and jagged (very young); located on west coast |
|
|
