Term
| What allowed cities to rapidly expand from 1800s-Today |
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Definition
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-population explodes due to mechanization
-Industrial Revolution, but more specifically= fossil fuels, steam engine, railroads, expansion of metals |
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Term
| In what ways were Olmstead’s plans for Central Park a break with the rational design ideas of the time? |
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Definition
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- scenery- design spaces in which movement creates constant opening up of new views and “obscurity of detail further away”
- suitability- respect the natural scenery and topography of the site
- style
Pastoral: open green spaces with small bodies of water and scattered trees and groves create a soothing, restorative atmosphere
§ Picturesque: profuse planting, creates a sense of richness and bounteousness of nature
- separation- areas designed in different styles of ways in order to insure safety of use and reduce distractions of conflicting or incompatible uses
- sanitation: promote both the physical and mental health of users
service: meet fundamental social and psychological needs |
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Term
| What legacies were established from the urban parks movement? |
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Definition
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- Transformed how Americans saw their cities AND land preservation outside the city
- Helped establish a constituency for preservation
- Redefined American urban form, set in motion the conceptual foundation for 20th century park development
Served as a foundation |
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Term
| What are some key characteristics, criticisms, and benefits of Garden Cities? |
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Definition
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- Combined best elements of city and country
-Formed basis of earliest suburbs |
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Term
| What was the Garden City legacy? |
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Definition
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Term
| How was zoning important? |
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Definition
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- It located residential areas away from smokestacks of factories
- Incorporated space for urban farms to grow food to supply the city
Linked by railway transportation |
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Term
| How were greenbelts used? |
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Definition
| Intended to bring together the economic and cultural advantages of both city and country life while at the same time discouraged neopolitan sprawl and industrial centralization |
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Term
| What are the urban revolutions? |
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Definition
- First: Mesopotamia
- Second: Europe and North America
Third: Globally today |
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Term
| Characteristics and important details of environmental aspects of the 3rd Urban Revolution |
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Definition
Megacities,Post-Industrial Cities and Brownfields,Urban Sprawl, New Industrial City,
Shanytowns
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Term
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Definition
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- large urban cities with more than ten million inhabitants
- there are 26 today
- generally located on coasts
-impose heavy environmental toll |
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Term
| Post-Industrial Cities and Brownfields |
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Definition
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Post-Industrial; name given to cities where industry was once the primary economic base
-Brownfields; any real property, the redevelopment or reuse of which may be complicated by the presence of potential presence of a contaminant, ex) abandoned gas stations |
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Term
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Definition
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- no universal definition
-characteristics: leap frog development, commercial strip development, low density, lack of public open space |
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Term
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Definition
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-informal settlements in the cities of the developing world
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Term
| what is Transit Orientated Development? |
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Definition
| Mixed use, higher density, pedestrian friendly development within ¼ to ½ mile, or a 5-7 minute walk from a transit station |
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Term
| Characteristics of Transit Orientated Development |
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Definition
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- mix of uses
- moderate to high density
- transportation choices
- reduced parking
- high quality design
-expensive |
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Term
| Benefits of Transit Orientated Development |
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Definition
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- Encourage smart growth development
- Decrease cost of municipal services
- Improve tax base
- Improve environmental quality
-Improve quality and safety of urban areas |
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