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Definition
| Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and Hispaniola (Haitie & Dominican Republic |
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| form an extensive arc of smaller islands from the Virgin Islands off Puerto Rico to Aruba near the northwest coast of Venezuela; they also include the Bahamas island chain north of the Greater Antilles |
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| land bridge; comparatively narrow link between larger bodies of land. Central America forms one between Mexico & South America |
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| the Middle American cultural hearth, extends from Mexico City to central Nicaragua |
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| the surrounding area of Mexico Cit, where Aztecs originated |
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| market square, internal focus of each Spanish town |
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| A city plan where streets run at right degree angles to each other. This forms a grid. |
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| factories based in Mexico which assemble imported, duty-free raw materials into finished prducts and then export these products back to the United States. Logically, the majority of these factories are located as close to the U.S. border as possible. |
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| large estate owned to produce a cash crop |
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| Major geographic qualities of Middle America |
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Definition
1)small realm
2)crucial barriers between Atlantic & Pacific waters
3)intense cultural and political fragmentation
4)complex cultural geography
5)least-developed territories
6)Mexico leads in population, area, & economic potential
7)Mexico & Panama connected beyond realm because of US and Panama Canal |
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Definition
| Literally, a large estate in a Spanish-speaking country. Sometimes equated with the plantation, but there are important differences between these two types of agricultural enterprise. |
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| Mainland-Rim land framework |
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Definition
| the twofold regionalization of the Middle American realm based on its modern cultural history. The Euro-Amerindian Mainland, from Mexico to Panama, was a self sufficient zone dominated by hacienda land tenure. The Euro-African Rimland, of the Caribbean zone plus all islands to the east was the zone of plantation. |
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| land from Mexico to Panama, self-sufficient and dominated by hacienda land tenure |
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| includes the Mainland's Caribbean coastal strip and all of the Basin's islands to the east. This area's cultural heritage is a fusion of European and African influences, unlike that of the Euro-Amerindian Mainland. |
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| Mexican farmlands redistributed to peasant communities after the Revolution of 1910-1917. The government holds title to the land, but user rights are parceled out to village communities and then to individuals for cultivation. |
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| Zapatista National Liberation Army in Mexico, radical group of Mayan peasant farmers that engaged in guerrilla warfare |
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| city in Panama, site of huge trading entre pot |
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| linked to Miami, financial center |
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| term used in Middle and South America to identify people who often live in serfdom to a wealthy landowner; landless peasants in continuous indebtedness |
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| 5 Differences between plantations and haciendas |
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Definition
1)plantation=efficiency & profit
2)haciendas=native workers live on land
3)plantation=grow single crop
4)profit & wealth vs. social prestige & comfortable lifestyle
5)plantation=labor is seasonal |
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Term
| Mexico City (ciudades and perididas) |
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Definition
| It is Spanish for "the lost city" and was founded in 800 AD but was not discovered again until 1972. The city is called Teyuna and is made up of terraces and plazas. |
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| high altitude valleys, provide fertile soil, reliable water supply and building materials |
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| Common Market established free trade zone and custom union liking to Brazil, Argentina, Uruaguay, Paraguay |
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| Free Trade of the Americas, the US and other NAFTA proponents tried to move hemisphere free trade idea forward but has been resisted by peasants and workers in South America |
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Definition
| slums on the hillside, where drug and crime is self-help housing |
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| Major geographic qualities of South America |
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Definition
1)dominated by Andes Mountains
2)population concentrated in Brazil
3)population along the continent's periphery
4)interconnections improving rapidly
5)regional economic contracts & disparities remain strong
6)cultural pluralism exists almost in all of realms
7)rapid urban growth
8)plenty of natural riches |
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Definition
| where offices, retail facilities, and housing is for the upper & upper-middle class |
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Definition
| radiating outward from the urban core along the city's most prestigous axis |
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| Zone of peripheral squatter settlement |
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Definition
| outermost zone, home to poor & unskilled workers who have recently migrated to the city |
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Definition
| where workers are undocumented and money transcations are beyond control of govt. |
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| narrowing sectoral extension of zone of peripheral, consists of undesirable land along highways, rail corridors, river banks, & other low lying areas |
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| Three subregions of Chile |
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Definition
| Middle Chile, Atacama Desert, the coast |
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| drier inland backcountry in Brazil, overpopulated and poverty |
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| coffee plantations, wealth of Sao Paulo State built on this |
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| Brazil's forward capital Brasilia |
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Definition
| a term that refers to strategic or symbolic placement of the capital to send a message, such as that of countries who place their capitals in contested areas to symbolize and intent to fight for the land the capital stands on |
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| Regional term referring to the fertile savanna's of Brazil's interior Central-West that make it one of the world's most promising agricultural frontiers. Soybeans are the leading crop, and other grains and cotton are expanding. |
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| Three megacities of South America |
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Definition
| Brazil's Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, and Argentina's Buenos Aires |
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Definition
1)European-mestizo(desert)
2)Amerindian(Andean Highlands or Sierra
3)Amerindian-mestizo(eastern slopes) |
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Definition
| consists of the inland slopes of the Andean ranges that lead down tot he Amazon-drained, rainforest-covered montana. It is the most isolated subregion of Peru. |
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| focus of eastern subregion, grew rapidly during Amazon's wild-rubber boom |
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| after the withdrawal of its brutal military dictatorship-exports, free market economic reform, industrial expansion |
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| source area, cultural hearth, plantation economy, produces less of 1/6 of gross domesticc product, where sertao is and there is unequal land tenure |
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| Disparity between the rich and poor in South America |
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Definition
| The disparity between rich and poor is still wider in this realm than in any other. The richest 20% of the people control 70% of all wealth, while the poorest 20% own 2% of all wealth |
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Definition
| This is the most famous stone structure of the Inca, South America's greatest indigenous empire. It is near Cuzco in what is now Peru |
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| Which country has the widest gap between affluence and poverty |
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Definition
| Brazil. It is estimated that the richest 10% of the population control more than half of Brazil's wealth, and a small 1% of Brazilians own nearly half of all the productive land. Meanwhile, the poorest 20% of Brazilians live in the the most squalid condition found anywhere in the world. |
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| A tropical rain forest, as that in the Amazon Basin of South America |
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| A term employed to designate forces that tend to divide a country -- such as internal religious, linguistic, ethnic, or ideological differences. |
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| forces that unite and bind a country such as national culture, shared idological objectives, and common faith |
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| a portion of a country geographically seperated from the main part by surrounding alien territory |
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| extending or transcending beyond established bordered by seperate nations or spheres of interest |
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| capital of Belgium and the capital of the European Union |
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| The process whereby regions within a state demand and gain political strength and growing autonomy at the expense of the central govt. |
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| A government's support for ethnic or cultural cohorts in neighboring or more distant countries |
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| a region caught between stronger, colliding cultural-political forces, under persistent stress, and often fragmented by aggressive rivals. Ex: Eastern Europe, mainland Southeast Asia |
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| Major geographic qualities of Europe |
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Definition
1) it is the Western extremity of Eurasia
2) It is the remains a region with world influence
3) It has high degrees of specialization
4) It has lingering manufacturing dominance
5) It has numerous nation-states
6) It has an urbanized population
7) It has a high standard of living
8) Population implosion
9) It has international economic integration |
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Definition
| the narrow strait that seperates the Iberian Penisula from North Africa |
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| the Inuit name of the land in Denmark that 60,000 inhabitants were given home rule after Greenland's status changed from colony to province |
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| Differences between Zurich and Geneva |
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Definition
| Zurich, in the German speaking sector is the financial center of Switzerland and Geneva in the French speaking sector is one of the world's most internationalized cities |
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Definition
refers to 4 sub-national growth centers that best exhibit how the European Union has transformed the economic landscape of Europe by removing barriers that limited the flow of capital, products, and labor
Rhone-Alps(in southern France), Lombardy(north Italy), Catalonia (northeastern Spain), and Baden-Wurttemberg(southwestern Germany) |
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| Four subregions of the UK |
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Definition
| Wales, Scotland, England, and Northern Ireland |
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Definition
| single currency used between most countries in the European Union, it symbolizes Europe's strengthening unity and establishes a joint counterweight to the once might American dollar |
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| Europe's outstanding locational advantages |
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Definition
| Its relative location, at the crossroads of the land hemisphere creates max efficiency for contact with much of the rest of the world. It's not far from the ocean and has navigable rivers. The close proximities of very different cultures create the constant circulation of goods and ideas |
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Definition
| the fragmentation of a region into smaller, often hostile political units |
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| Local functional specialization |
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Definition
| a hallmark of Europe's economic geography that later spread to many other parts of the world, whereby particular people in particular places concentrate on the production of particular goods and services |
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| A changing population (in Europe) |
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Definition
| the native population is shrinking which poses challengesto the nation leading to reduced pensions and dwindling funds for health care |
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| The vast majority of immigration (Europe) |
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Definition
| It is partially offsetting Europe's population deficit, immigrants more religious than the Christian natives, Islamic immigrants concentrated in metropolitan areas |
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| Growing Multicultural challenge |
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Definition
| European societies are trying to restrict immigration and political parties with anti-immigration platforms are gaiing ground. Some feel their culture is under threat from Islam. |
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Term
| Growing Multicultural challenge |
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Definition
| European societies are trying to restrict immigration and political parties with anti-immigration platforms are gaiing ground. Some feel their culture is under threat from Islam. |
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Definition
| six countries joined to become the European Economic Community also called the "Common Market" now called the European Union |
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Definition
| It is the Mainland's Core easternmost city, but it's relative location changed with EU enlargment in 2004 and 2007 |
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| Why Austria has looked eastward |
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Definition
| it is at its widest, lowest, and most productive in the east where the Danube links it to Hungary |
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