Term
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Definition
| study of the earth as the home of humanity |
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Term
| literal meaning of "geography" |
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Definition
| ancient greek work meaning “earth writing” |
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Term
| Early History of Geography: Land surveying and agriculture |
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Definition
identifying locations on the earth
Geodicy- measure of the earth |
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Term
| Early History of Geography: Astronomy |
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Definition
• Observations of the heaven
• depends on where you’re located on the earth |
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Term
| Early History of Geography: Trade |
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Definition
| • Knowing about variations in cultural practices in different parts of the earth |
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Term
| Early History of Geography: Military Activity |
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Definition
• Geography is essential
• They need to know about the enemies land, their people, what they have, where to hide, where to defend from |
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Term
| Scholarly Traditions: Literacy |
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Definition
| expedition writing, log books, diaries |
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Term
| Scholarly Traditions: Cartographic (maps) |
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Definition
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Term
| Scholarly Traditions: Mathematical |
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Definition
| Land surveying, calculate different shapes, calculus, algebra, geometry |
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Term
| Regional Approach (general) |
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Definition
o Take a region and focus on it
o An explanation of a specific reason to focus on both physical and human aspects
o Tend to be more descriptive
o Lots of writing and cartography |
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Term
| Systematic Approach (specific) |
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Definition
o pick one thematic area/system and how it works anywhere that it operates
• urban geographer studies cities the way they look and how they work
• geography of cities in general |
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Term
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Definition
places on (near) the earths surface
EX: mountains, lakes, rivers, oceans, atmospheric clouds, rocks forests, cities, cornfields, factories, internet connections, airplane hubs |
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Term
| field conceptualization (surfaces) |
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Definition
Waves, a field has no empty space
can identify the presence of some property always |
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Term
| Antological distinction between objects and fields |
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Definition
objects- identify the edges
Fields- can't identify an edge or an end |
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Term
| Dimensionality of Features |
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Definition
0 Dimension is a point
1 Dimension- roads, rivers railroads
2 Dimension- citites
3 Dimension- cold fronts, warm fronts |
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Term
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Definition
| Giving it a latitude and longitude |
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Term
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Definition
| Defining the location relative to another location |
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Term
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Definition
| describes characteristics of that place |
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Term
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Definition
| describing by relationship to other places |
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Term
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Definition
| Any measure of what it takes to over come the separation between places |
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Term
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Definition
| distance is greater in some directions than others |
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Term
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Definition
| the number of features per unit at a higher dimensionality |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the non random distribution of cities and towns |
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Term
| spatial association (convariation) |
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Definition
| when two different sets of data have something in common |
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Term
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Definition
| the actual size of something in reality |
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Term
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Definition
| the size at which we study or measure features or processes |
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Term
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Definition
| the size of a map relative to the size of the piece of earth its representing |
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Term
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Definition
more generalized map is less detailed
less generalized map is more detailed |
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Term
| Characteristics of Regions |
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Definition
o location
o size (area)
o boundary vagueness
• not always clearly inside or outside the region
o boundary permeability varies
• energy, info, resources
o Hierarchical organization
• Large regions that have smaller regions
• Countries have states/provinces |
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Term
| types of regions: Administrative |
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Definition
| created by law/treaty (cities, states) |
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Term
| types of regions: thematic |
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Definition
defined by 1 or more objectively measurable themes
do not have precise boundaries
non-uniform membership functions
ex: soil, dialect cultural |
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Term
| types of regions: functional |
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Definition
| defined by interactions, connections between places, transportation, communication, economic |
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Term
| types of regions: cognitive |
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Definition
| informal regions that exist in people's minds/beliefs |
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Term
| uniform membership function |
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Definition
| all of the area within the administrative region is 100% within the region |
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Term
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Definition
earth is 8,000 miles in diameter
it's a bumpy oblate spheroid
27 miles longer at the equator than from pole to pole |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Land area to Water area on Earth's surface |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the meridian (line of longitude) at which the longitude is defined to be 0° |
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Term
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Definition
information about the earth and earth phenomena all spatially located( geo-referenced)
always can be stored, displayed or analyzed |
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Term
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Definition
pictures of the earth from above the earths surface
used for field work, surveys, census |
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Term
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Definition
| show the identity and location of a variety of features |
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Term
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Definition
| simplified maps but shows 1-3 variables, usually looking for patterns |
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Term
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Definition
| a thematic map in which areas are shaded or patterned in proportion to the measurement of the statistical variable being displayed on the map |
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Term
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Definition
| when the size of the region/state is changed to it's quantitative variable |
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Term
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Definition
| when there are lines showing mountains and hills in the earth's surface |
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Term
| proportional area symbols |
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Definition
| use of graduated circles/symbols to represent a variable |
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Term
| interpreting isoline maps |
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Definition
| lines of equal values illustrate increasing/decreasing values of a variable |
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Term
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Definition
the solutions to the problem of flattening the earth's surface
includes: selective presentation
generalization- roads straightened, omit details
graphical clarity- features often distorted to improve graphical clarity |
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Term
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Definition
taking a 3D model and flattening the surface but it is impossible to do so without distorting: distance, direction, shape, area
can't have all 4 factors be correct on one map |
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Term
| projection: cylindrical map |
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Definition
| shows the globe as if a paper was wrapped around it in a cylinder |
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Term
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Definition
| cone that goes on top of the globe to show the globe in that aspect |
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Term
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Definition
| paper just lies flat over one specific area of the globe, map shows that specific area only |
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Term
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Definition
| how and where the earth is touching the "paper" |
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Term
| light source: stereographic |
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Definition
| from one point of the globe |
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Term
| light source: orthographic |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| distance between any two points is correct |
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Term
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Definition
created 500 years ago for sailing
geometric projection |
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Term
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Definition
| involves exaggerated representation of north and south poles |
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Term
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Definition
| direction at the top of a medieval T-O map was East |
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Term
| Geographic information system (GIS) |
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Definition
o computerized geographic information- conceptualized in terms of layers of data
o comes from surveying
o allows for the ability to overlay different data layers to analyze certain data |
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Term
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Definition
models, points, lines, areas
generalization of the river is represented by nodes and lines |
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Term
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Definition
| represented by little squares[pixels (other shapes)] and each cell gets a value |
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Term
| Domains of spatial behavior and human geography |
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Definition
| human mobility, material/energy/transport, communication |
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Term
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Definition
| the amount of interaction between places declines with distance |
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Term
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Definition
| places further away have more friction |
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Term
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Definition
| everything is related to everything else but closer things are more related |
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Term
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Definition
| impede interactions, make interaction between 2 places where there is a barrier difficult |
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Term
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Definition
slow- isochrome lines get closer together
block- mountains
redirect spatial interactions |
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Term
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Definition
physical- freeways, mountains
socio-cultural-linguistic groups, culture(food, fashion) social class
psychological- people avoid a "ghetto" area because they believe its dangerous |
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Term
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Definition
a system of places and connection links along which spatial interaction is increased
communication, transportation links |
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Term
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Definition
| cities, major airport hubs |
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Term
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Definition
contain interaction of places within the node
first something spreads to major cities then to smaller cities around it |
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Term
| effects of technological development |
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Definition
| generally reduce the friction of distance, makes it easier to connect with people at longer distances |
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Term
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Definition
changes in transportation and communication that effect patterns of interaction
"the world is shrinking" |
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Term
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Definition
greater inter-connectivity among places all around the globe
economic, cultural |
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Term
| computational modeling in geography |
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Definition
| the parts of a system and their inter-relationship represented as mathematic equations or computer programs |
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Term
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Definition
| the interaction between two places involving the # of phone calls, # of trips to each place, # of emails between two place |
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Term
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Definition
| the interaction between places depends on the pull of attractiveness of a place |
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Term
| retail gravitation model: Reilly's Breaking Point Model |
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Definition
breaking point is the deciding point of where people will go to do their shopping and they can choose between two cities
larger cities pull more people to shop there |
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Term
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Definition
| a retail gravitation model that attempts to predict where people will shop, given choices that vary in distance and some measure of interaction attractiveness |
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Term
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Definition
| aquiring knowledge of what's out there through vision |
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Term
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Definition
| knowledge, beliefs, thinking, memory, learning |
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Term
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Definition
| moods, emotions, feelings, "i like it, I don't like it" |
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Term
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Definition
| coordinated and goal directed action |
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Term
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Definition
| a belief about something coupled with an affective stance to it |
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Term
| behavioral approach to geography |
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Definition
| doing what you feel like doing rather than what might be most economic |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| moving permanent residences |
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Term
| individual activity space |
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Definition
| places you travel on a near daily basis |
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Term
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Definition
| how far you travel on a daily basis |
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Term
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Definition
commuter- commit crimes away from home range
marauder- commit crimes with in home range |
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Term
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Definition
actual activity locations at certain times
vertical means person is stationary, diagonal means the person is moving
Haggarstrands Model |
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Term
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Definition
potential activity places at different times
larger prism the farther you travel
Haggerstrands Model |
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Term
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Definition
knowledge we have about the environment within our minds
includes what's there , where it is, how to get there
changes with experience, age and spatial choices |
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Term
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Definition
distorted maps drawn by hand with no scale
attempt to depict cognative map |
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Term
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Definition
| coordinated movement through the environment |
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Term
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Definition
knowing where you are
when a person combines a cognitive map with physical structure |
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Term
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Definition
| attitudes about places, regions |
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Term
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Definition
an opinion you have about a place before even being there or something that defines a place
ex: boundary polarization |
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Term
| self-identification and self-definition via place |
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Definition
| overtime people begin to define themselves by where they are from and create |
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Term
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Definition
people like places more than other places
positive/negative connotations of places/people |
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Term
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Definition
| illustrates residential preferences |
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Term
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Definition
| divide or cause to divide into two sharply contrasting groups or sets of opinions or beliefs |
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Term
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Definition
| boundary between region is accompanied with polarized attitudes |
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Term
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Definition
| peoples beliefs and views about natural disasters |
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Term
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Definition
socially shared and transmitted patterns of beliefs, behaviors, and material artifacts
ex: social class, age, profession, orientation based culture |
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Term
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Definition
beliefs, knowledge- ethical stories
mentifacts- belief of things |
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Term
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Definition
tools, farming, cooking, weapons
artifacts- a particular way to build a house |
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Term
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Definition
how you trace your lineage, covial patterns, rituals, houw cultures pick the next ruler; their mating system
sociofacts- social beliefs |
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Term
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Definition
| pieces of cultural practices |
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Term
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Definition
| a portion of the earth's surface that has common cultural elements |
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Term
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Definition
| the evidence of human impact on a physical environment |
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Term
| cultural change: innovation (origin) |
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Definition
someone or group of people who invent a new way of doing something
ex: new style, new way of music, new type of food or eating |
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Term
| in situ cultural change vs. external contact changes |
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Definition
| the idea that cultures would still change even if they didn't interact with other cultures externally |
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Term
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Definition
| when two cultures come together to form a hybrid of the 2 cultures |
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Term
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Definition
| the fact or state of belonging to a social group that has a common national or cultural tradition |
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Term
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Definition
1. mandrin chinese
2-3. english/spansih
4. hindi
5. portugese
6. bengali
7. Russian
8. Japanese |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
diffusion of language
origin and diffusion of Indo-European family |
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Term
| extinct and moribund languages |
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Definition
| the language is dying, not taught in school to children |
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Term
| American Indian languages |
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Definition
native American language act of 1990
document, record and preserve native languages |
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Term
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Definition
| a lot of variation in vernacular (everyday) speech |
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Term
| standard (official) language |
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Definition
| usually a dialect that becomes the most popular is the correct dialect of a certain language |
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Term
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Definition
| hybrid of 2 languages for 2 cultures to communicate |
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Term
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Definition
| when pidgin language becomes a real language |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
monotheism- belief in 1 god
polytheism- belief in many gods
animism- god being in everything, inanimate objects and animals
secularism- not subject to or bound by religious rule; not belonging to or living in monastic or other order |
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Term
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Definition
| religions that are meant for everyone, regardless of culture or ethnicity |
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Term
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Definition
| trying to convert people to "your" religion no matter what they already believe |
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Term
| expansion diffusion religion |
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Definition
| increase in the number of practices of a religion in a culture |
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Term
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Definition
not meant for everyone, meant for particular ethnic groups
diffuse through relocation diffusion
when people relocate they take their practices with them |
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Term
| tribal (traditional) religions |
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Definition
| small local religions with close ideological ties to the natural world, the divine is to be found in nature |
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Term
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Definition
| replace traditional religions with universalizing religions |
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Term
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Definition
| transfer of movement of things, ideas, people from place to place |
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Term
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Definition
| adopted from other cultures through diffusion of that region |
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Term
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Definition
| cultures innovate on their own without help from other cultures |
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Term
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Definition
| when cultures relocate altogether |
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Term
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Definition
| when cultures are adapted by more people from close regions |
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Term
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Definition
| the places closest to those that have the cultural trait are more likely to be diffused next |
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Term
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Definition
special communication links between places
cultural links "jump" from important place to important place |
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Term
| mean information field (MIF) |
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Definition
| in diffusion, the field in which contacts can occur |
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Term
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Definition
| focuses on the number, composition and distribution of human beings in relation to variations in the conditions of earth and space |
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Term
| world population distribution |
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Definition
| 6.8 billion people for october 2009 |
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Term
| major concentration of the world |
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Definition
| east asia, south asia, europe, US |
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Term
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Definition
| China, India, USA, Indonesia, Brazil, Pakistan |
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Term
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Definition
| permanently inhabited areas of the earth's surface (60% of the land permanently inhabited) |
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Term
| physical factors related to distribution |
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Definition
| continental margines, arable land (relatively flat, valleys, flood plains) climate |
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Term
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Definition
| the statistical study of human population in its concern with spatial analysis (the relationship of numbers to an area) |
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Term
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Definition
| annual number of live births per 1000 people (per capita) |
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Term
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Definition
| number of lifetime live births per woman |
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Term
| replacement fertility rate |
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Definition
| marks the level of fertility at which each successive generation of women produces exactly enough children to ensure that the same number of women survive to have offspring themselves |
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Term
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Definition
| annual number of deaths per 1000 people (per capita) |
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Term
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Definition
| how many infants die before their first birthday |
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Term
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Definition
| graphic device that represents a populations age and sex compostion |
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Term
| population pyramid changes |
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Definition
-rapidly growing country has sloping sidew
-change the shape: change in fertility and mortality but it has to be specific |
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Term
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Definition
| simple measure of the number of economic dependents that each 100 people in their productive years must support |
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Term
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Definition
| population growth tends to continue for a while after changes in fertility and mortality |
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Term
| demographic change equation |
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Definition
| summarizes the contribution made to the regional population change over time by the combination of natural change and net migration |
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Term
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Definition
| (crude birth ratio - crude death ratio) |
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Term
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Definition
| (immigration - emigration) |
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Term
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Definition
| the related time it takes for a population to double if the present growth rate remains constant |
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Term
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Definition
| growth at a constant rate, fixed amount |
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Term
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Definition
-biotic potential (J-curve): the way an organism or population would grow without checks
-carrying capacity (S-curve): represents a population size consistent with and supportable by an exploitable resource base |
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Term
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Definition
| number of people an area can support on a sustained basis given the prevailing technology |
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Term
| technological changes and carrying capacity |
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Definition
| more advanced technology (irrigation, biocides) allows for more people at a higher level of living than basic technology (slash and burn), increases carrying capacity |
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Term
| world history and pattern of growth rates |
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Definition
| rates of increase have risen over the span of human history, therefore the doubling time has decreased, begins with industrialization provides new means to support population growth made possible by changes in agriculture and food supply |
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Term
| demographic transition: 1st stage |
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Definition
| birth and death rates are both high, the population grows slowly |
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Term
| demographic transition: 2nd stage |
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Definition
| modernizing and consequences, falling death rates due to advances in medicine, population growth is less rapid |
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Term
| demographic transition: 3rd stage |
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Definition
| birth rates begin to decline as people control family size, when the birth rate falls and the death rate remains low, the population begins to level off |
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Term
| demographic transition: 4th stage |
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Definition
| very low birth and death rates |
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Term
| Malthus- Essay on the Principle of Population |
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Definition
- population is inevitability limited by the means of subsistence
-populations invariably increase with increase in the means of subsistence unless prevented by powerful checks
-checks are private (moral restraint, celibacy, chastity) or destructive (war, poverty and famine) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| government programs, birth control, family planning |
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Term
| Zero Population Growth (ZPG) |
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Definition
| the population of a place neither grows nor declines |
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Term
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Definition
| procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population |
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Term
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Definition
| expresses the relationship between the number of inhabitants and the area they occupy |
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Term
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Definition
| # of people per unit area of land |
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Term
| physiological population density |
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Definition
total population divided by arable land alone
expression of population pressure exerted on agricultural land |
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Term
| agricultural population density |
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Definition
the total rural population / area of agricultural land
excludes city populations and projects rural estimate of the pressure of people on the rural areas of the country |
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Term
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Definition
| estimate the future population size, age, and sex composition based on current data |
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Term
| total displacement migration |
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Definition
| far enough away that you have a new activity space |
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Term
| partial displacement migration |
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Definition
| partially overlapping activity space |
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Term
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Definition
| pairs of locales that have a lot of in and out migration between them |
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Term
| chain migration (migration fields) |
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Definition
| assures that the mover is part of an establishment migrant flow from a common origin to a prepared destination (united by kinship or friendship ties) |
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Term
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Definition
| likelihood that as many as 25% of all migrants will return to their place of origin |
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Term
| african american internal migration 20th c |
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Definition
| largest internal migration in the history of the US from the rural south to the north |
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Term
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Definition
| trail of tears (indians) atlantic slave trade (africans) |
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Term
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Definition
| better weather, cheaper living, closer to family |
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Term
| push factors of migration |
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Definition
| negative home conditions that might impel the decision to migrate |
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Term
| pull factors of migration |
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Definition
| presumed positive attractions of the migration destination |
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Term
| anticipated place utility |
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Definition
| the positive of the pull location is relative to the negative of the push location |
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Term
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Definition
| determined by US censors bureau |
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Term
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Definition
| study of production, distribution and consumption of commodities |
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Term
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Definition
| goods and services that have value |
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Term
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Definition
economic activity for yourself
ex: farmer |
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Term
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Definition
| buying and selling, free price and production system |
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Term
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Definition
| government influences or determines the basic geographic variables |
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Term
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Definition
| if you raise the price of the commodity, producers will make more (quantity supplied increases) and consumers will decrease (quantity demanded) |
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Term
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Definition
| marked by the price at which supply equals demand |
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Term
| economically rational behavior |
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Definition
notion that people make decisions based on the desire to obtain the greatest amount of satisfaction
people prefer more to less |
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Term
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Definition
| those that harvest or extract something from the earth |
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Term
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Definition
| those that add value to materials by changing their form or combining them into more useful commodities |
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Term
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Definition
| those business and labor specializations that probide services to the primary and secondary (link between producers and consumer-trade) |
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Term
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Definition
| "white collar" professional workers in education, government, management, reasearch |
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Term
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Definition
| high level decision making roles in all types of large organizations, public or private |
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Term
| location affects economic activities |
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Definition
| supply, demand, cost, revenue vary with location |
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Term
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Definition
minimum price that must be paid at any location for the necessary inputs of production for a given item
ex: federal taxes do not vary from place to place |
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Term
| spatially variable costs (locational cost) |
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Definition
additional costs incurred in overcoming distance, attracting labor, purchasing the plant site, and so forth
differs based on location |
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Term
| behavioral model of economic rationality |
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Definition
model by which you make the most rational choice
know all the alternatives
most logical decision you can make |
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Term
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Definition
| requires a lot of energy and effort, cannot support large or dense groups of humans |
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Term
| sex-role division of labor |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
from which many agricultural innovations came
The end of the last ice age 8000-10000 BC was first emergence of agriculture |
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Term
Agricultural origins and dispersal
By Sauer 1952 |
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Definition
| book about agriculture, agriculture was independently innovated in many places in the old world and the new world |
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Term
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Definition
| vegetative and seed planting |
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Term
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Definition
| selective breeding to improve stock and make it better for humans |
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Term
| animal domestication (herding) |
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Definition
| wandering but controlled movement of livestock solely dependent on natural forage (plants) |
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Term
| innovations in agriculture |
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Definition
| irrigation, mechanical tractors and other equipment, chemical fertilizer and herbicides |
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Term
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Definition
| introduce chemical agriculture, shorthand reference to a complex of seed and management innovation adapted to the needs of intensive agriculture and designed to bring larger harvest from a given area of farmland |
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Term
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Definition
| uses geography tailoring resources to maximize yields and minimize wastes |
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Term
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Definition
| involves large areas of land and minimal labor input |
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Term
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Definition
| cultivation of small landholdings through the expenditure of great amounts of labor |
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Term
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Definition
| high value products, US tends to be run by large corporations that aim at profit maximization not minimal food security |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| cattle, sheep, push to survive, requires greatest amount of land per person sustained |
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Term
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Definition
| known to have been cultivated for more than 7000, provides for the calories of half of the world's population |
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Term
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Definition
if product is perishable, transportation costs increase because of the special handling that is needed (refrigerated trucks and custom packaging)
reason for locations close to the market |
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Term
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Definition
| growing merger of the older, farm centered crop economy and newer patterns of more integrated production and marketing systems |
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Term
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Definition
| help farmers with the uncertainties of their specialization and stabilize the return of their investment, subsidizing production by guaranteeing prices for selected commodities |
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Term
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Definition
| formal spatial model, recognizing that as distance from the market increases as the value of land decreases |
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Term
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Definition
flat, has no travel or communication barriers in any direction
evenly distributed population |
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Term
| land rent (locational rent) |
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Definition
| function of overcoming the distance separating a given farm from a central market town, the lower the transportation cost the higher the land rent |
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Term
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Definition
| growth in demand would expand the ring of production and increase in transportation costs would shrink the ring of production |
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Term
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Definition
| the distance from a market where the revenue received from a product exactly equals the marginal costs |
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Term
| mediterranean agriculture |
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Definition
specialized farming economy known for grapes, oranges, figs
need warm area and a great deal of sunshine
most productive in the world |
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Term
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Definition
introduction of a foreign element; investment, management, marketing; into an indigenous culture and economy
crops were frequently foreign to the area of establishment as well as use of foreign labor |
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Term
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Definition
| fishing, forestry, fur trapping |
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Term
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Definition
| mining and quarrying, removing nonrenewable resources |
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Term
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Definition
| materials that can be consumed and then replenished relatively quickly by natural or human assisted processes |
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Term
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Definition
| exist in finite amounts and are not replaced by natural processes or are replaced at a slower rate than that of use |
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Term
| cottage and guild industries |
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Definition
small home based crafts people
things were hand made |
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Term
| origin and diffusion of industrial revolution |
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Definition
| england mid 1700s, replacing handmade by machines, fuels replace human and animal power |
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Term
| transportation for second industry |
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Definition
| involves the assembly and processing of inputs and the distribution of the output to other points and therefore poses the problem where the processing should take place |
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Term
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Definition
| charges associated with loading, packing and unloading a shipment |
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Term
| Line-haul costs (over the road) |
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Definition
| vary with shipment, allocated according to the distance travelled |
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Term
| webers cost minimization approach to factory location |
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Definition
| explains the optimum location of a manufacturing establishment in terms of minimization of 3 basic expenses: relative transport costs, labor costs and aggolmeration costs |
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Term
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Definition
weight of localized raw materials divided by weight of the finished product
used to decide where to put factory- close to raw materials if sum greater than 1; place close to market if sum less than 1 |
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Term
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Definition
| sites where goods have to be transferred or transshipped from one carrier to another, when the transfer occur another fixed cost or terminal cost is levied significantly increasing total transport costs |
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Term
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Definition
| fixed and terminal costs are applied to every shipment regardless of the distance moved |
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Term
| location allocation problem |
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Definition
| finding the best location (minimizing total distance) |
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Term
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Definition
attempts to find an optimum location by incorporating all the costs
ex: power, skill ect |
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Term
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Definition
| conglomerate companies sole focus is money |
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Term
| transactions and hidden costs |
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Definition
| costs in addition to what a company pays to create/sell a good or service |
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Term
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Definition
apply to everyone in an industry/region
-costs or savings not resulting directly from the activity of a particular economic agent |
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Term
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Definition
going to get resources
ex: aluminum |
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Term
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Definition
| a way to distribute product |
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Term
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Definition
| banking, law enforcement, things that are not associated with the core activity of a firm |
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Term
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Definition
| spatial grouping of people or activities for mutal benefit |
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Term
| advantages of aggolmeration |
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Definition
industries can share labor force, specialized reasons developed around a particular industry
Ex: cities, office parks |
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Term
| disadvantages of agglomeration |
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Definition
| more competition, population and congestion, land value becomes more costly |
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Term
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Definition
| multiple industries that rely on each other because activities provide a common link |
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Term
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Definition
| when the costs exceed the benefits, firm will relocate to a more isolated position |
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Term
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Definition
| usually created in areas not so developed to boost growth and land is cheaper |
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Term
| just-in-time manufacturing |
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Definition
| seeks to reduce inventories for the production process by purchasing inputs for arrival just in time to use and producing output just in time to sell |
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Term
globalization of manufacturing
transnational corporation |
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Definition
| corporation or an enterprise that manages production or delivers services in more than one country |
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Term
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Definition
| formal business association with a publicly registered charter recognizing it as a separate legal entity having its own privileges, and liabilities distinct from those of its members |
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Term
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Definition
| foreign owned, along the US border, partially or completely foreign managed |
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Term
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Definition
| 12 mile buffer in northern mexico up against US border, US and Mexico agreed that the companies would be treated like state companies, no extra charges added or regulations for being in mexico |
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Term
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Definition
mid 90s
extends the zona libra |
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Term
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Definition
| 2005 includes South America under "zona libra" terms |
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Term
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Definition
| using resources from elsewhere |
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Term
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Definition
element of globalization
moving labor, production, manufacturing elsewhere |
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Term
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Definition
| foreign management to take over and run particular industry |
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Term
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Definition
| processing and production that is increasingly part of the advanced econimies |
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Term
| changing structure of workforce in US |
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Definition
| shift from mostly primary (66% 1850) to mostly tertiary (83% 2006) |
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Term
| Hotellings locational interdependence model of retail location |
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Definition
| looks at spatial variations in demand and the need to look at the locations of your competitors, focus on revenue rather than cost |
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Term
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Definition
varies strongly with price and effort
(unnecessary things) |
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Term
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Definition
stays constant with variation in price
(necessary things) |
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Term
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Definition
internet commerce, mail order companies
doesn't matter where the location of the company is because it is invisible to consumers |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| world's largest private industry, makes up over 10% of world's economy |
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Term
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Definition
| sustainable tourism, trying not to pollute, appreciate nature, based on the enviornment |
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