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| Military action between a superpower using strategies dependent on high technology weapons and low technology and guerilla tactics used by small insurgent groups. |
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| A highly inflated economy that cannot be sustained. Bubble economies usually result from rapid influx of international capital into a developing country. |
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| Those cultural and political forces such as linguistic minorities, separatists, and fringe groups that pull away from and weaken an existing nation-state. |
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| Those cultural and political forces, such as shared sense of history, a centralized economic structure, and the need for military security, that promote political unity in a nation-state. |
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| The formal, established (mainly historical) rule over local peoples by a larger imperialist government for the expansion of political and economic empire. |
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| A conceptualization of the world into two economic spheres. The developed countries of western Europe, North America, and japan form the dominate core, with less-developed countries making up the periphery. Implicit in this model is that the core gained its wealth at the expense of peripheral countries. |
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| The active promotion of one cultural system over another, such as the implantation of a new language, school system, or bureaucracy. Historically, this has been primarily associated with European colonialism. |
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| Primarily the visible and tangible expression of human settlement (house architecture, street patterns, field form, etc.) but also includes the intangible, value-laden aspects of a particular place and its association with a group of people. |
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| Cultural Syncretism or Hybridization |
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| The blending of two or more cultures, which produces a synergistic third culture that exhibits traits from all cultural parents. |
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| Learned and shared behavior by a group of people empowering them with a distinct "way of life"; it includes both material (technology, tools, etc.) and immaterial (speech, religion, values etc.) components. |
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| A four stage model of population change derived from the historical decline of the natural rate of increase as a population becomes increasingly urbanized through industrialization and economic development. |
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| The annual rate of expansion for GNI. |
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| A religion closely identified with a specific ethnic or tribal group, often to the point of assuming the role of the major defining characteristic of that group. Normally, ethic religions do not actively seek new converts. |
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| The increasing interconnectedness of people and places throughout the world through converging processes of economic, political, and cultural change. |
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| The figure that results from dividing a country's GNI by the total population. |
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| An agreed-upon common language to facilitate communication on specific topics such as international business, politics, sports, or entertainment. |
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| A relatively homogeneous culture group (a nation) with its own political territory (the state). |
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| A process in which the rapid growth of a city, most often because of in-migration, exceeds the city's ability to provide jobs, housing, water, sewers, and transportation. |
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| The standard statistic used to express natural population growth per year for a country, region, or the world based upon the difference between bith and death rates. RNI doesn't consider population change from migration. Though most often a positive figure (such as 1.7%), RNI can also be expressed as a negative (-.08%) for no-growth countries. |
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| Makeshift housing on land not legally owned or rented by urban migrants, usually in unoccupied open spaces within or on the outskirts of a rapidly growing city. |
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| Crude factories in developing countries in which workers perform labor-intensive tasks for extremely low wages. |
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| The average number of children who will be borne by women of a hypothetical, yet statistically valid, population, such as that of a specific cultural group of within a particular country. Demographers consider TFR more reliable indicator of population change than the crude birthrate. |
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| Firms and corporation that, although they may be chartered and have headquarters in one specific country, do international business through an array of global subsidiaries. |
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| A religion, usually with an active missionary program, that appeals to a large group of people regardless of local culture and conditions, Christianity and ISlam both have strong universalizing components. This contrasts with ethic religions. |
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