Term
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Definition
1) Nitrogen
2) Oxygen
3) Argon |
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Term
1) Greenwhich, England...longitude
2) International Dateline...longitude
3)Tropic of Capricorn...lattitude |
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Definition
1) Greenwhich= 0 degrees
2) Dateline= 180 degrees
3) Capricorn= 23.5 degrees SOUTH |
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Term
Daily Isolation is greatest where, and when? |
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Definition
Greatest at Poles, Particularly South Pole in January |
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Term
Non-cloudy, non-polluted atmosphere does what with the suns light? |
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Definition
Transmits is (Transmitting) |
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Term
T/F: Pressure in the atmosphere changes very little from the ground to the tropopause. |
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Definition
FALSE...High pressure at surface then decreases as you go up |
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Term
T/F: The sun glows, but we don't, because the Sun is a lot hotter than we are |
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Definition
TRUE: Sun emits hotter/shorter wavelengths which make it glow |
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Term
What are the side effects of Lead? |
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Definition
It was used to reduce the "knocking" noise of engines. Can lead to Lower IQ in children |
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Term
T/F: Greenland looks much bigger than South America on a Mercator map. |
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Definition
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Term
Gas thats increasing 1.5 ppm per year? |
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Definition
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Term
Which month is it the warmest in
-Havana, Cuba
-Ecuador
-Argentina |
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Definition
HC- July and August
Quito- March and September (close to the equator)
BA- January-March |
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Term
What is Air Pressure? What instrument is used to measure pressure? |
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Definition
Air Pressure- Weight of the air in the column above your location
Barometer is used to measure Air Pressure |
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Term
What is Wind?
How does a West wind Blow? |
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Definition
Wind is air that Blows relative to the earths pressure and temperature
A west wind is coming the west and blowing east |
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Term
| T/F: Ultimately the Sun makes the wind blow |
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Definition
| TRUE: Sun heats the land and creates pressure |
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Term
| Which scientific law is the basis for understanding the wind? |
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Definition
| Newtons Second Law: Force x Mass = acceleration |
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Term
| 5 forces essential for understanding wind |
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Definition
Pressure Gradient Force- lower pressure
Friction- opposes any motion that is occuring
Gravity- Acts only in the verticle
Centrifugal- pushes on outward on curves
Coriolis- earths rotation |
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Term
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Definition
| Connect regions that have equal pressure...Strongest winds when isobars are closer together |
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Term
The geostrophic wind(balances itself out) is caused by a balance of which two forces? Horizontal Pressure Gradient Force and Coriolis Is this wind a good approximation to reality near the Earth’s surface? Why or why not? What about in the upper troposphere in a straight jet stream—is it a good approximation there? (not real sure about the answer if anybody else has something please correct!!)
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Definition
| no because of friction; yes good approximation in the troposphere |
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Term
| Hydrostatic Balance (2 forces) |
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Definition
Gravity & Pressure Gradient
Good approximation to reality except in thunderstorms |
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Term
| How do winds blow in relation to the isobars? |
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Definition
They blow across isobars and angle toward lower pressure...
Low Pressure= Bad Weather
High Pressure = Good Weather |
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Term
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Definition
| Where in the world (Poles? Tropics? Subtropics? Mid-latitudes?) do you typically find high-pressure regions? Where (Poles? Tropics? Subtropics? Mid-latitudes?) do the following usually develop: low-pressure systems with fronts; tropical cyclones? In what latitude range do air masses NOT develop? (Hint: it’s where certain weather systems move through frequently.) Tropics |
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Term
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Definition
Polar Jet Stream
Subtropic Jet Stream
Rossby Waves- Wavy wind undulations |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Heats During the day as is goes up the mountain and cool air falls at night...sometimes creating river fog |
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Term
| Monsoon...Which nation get the most? |
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Definition
| Wet season, driven in INDIA by warming of the Tibetan plateau in the summer |
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Term
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Definition
Forces air to move horizontally across the equator...Mainly in the Subtropics
ITCZ- Inter tropical convergence zone |
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Term
| What drives the oceans currents at the surface? |
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Definition
Wind drives currents (friction)
Rotate Clockwise in Norther Hemisphere |
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Term
Where does ocean water convect?
3D circulation Model Nickname? |
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Definition
Near Greenland, Iceland, and Antarctica
Oceanic Conveyor Belt |
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Term
How Much of the world's water is fresh water?
Where is the majority of the freshwater located? |
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Definition
only 2.78% of earths water is fresh
77.78% of the fresh water is located on the surface (.33 fresh water and lakes, .03 in atmosphere) |
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Term
| Why is water a unique molecule? |
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Definition
1) Water is densest at a liquid not a solid
2) Water Molecules are weakly bonded and it takes a lot of energy to change its state |
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Term
When water changes from a liquid to a gas, does energy go into the water or air?
What type of energy is it? |
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Definition
Lots of energy goes into the water (Boiling water)
Latent Heat |
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Term
| Why do we care more about condensation than freezing when dealing with waters impact on the atmosphere? |
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Definition
| A significant more amount of energy is given off during condensation which helps power the weather. |
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Term
What is saturation?
What is relative humidity?
When is RH the highest and lowest during the span of a day? |
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Definition
Saturation- is the atmosphere's maximum carrying capacity for water vapor
RH- moisture in the air divided by max moisture times 100
RH-Highest in the morning, Lowest in the mid-afternoon |
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Term
What is a low and high dew point?
Can you have saturation with a low dew point? |
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Definition
High DP- 55-70 degrees
Low DP- 30's or high 20's
No saturation when the DP is the same as the saturation point (no moisture in the air) |
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Term
| Why does RH go down when the temp goes up? |
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Definition
| High Temp increases the rate of evaporation leading to a lower RH |
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Term
| What is the DAR? (Dry adiabatic lapse Rate) |
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Definition
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Term
| The rapid cooling of a can of compressed air while you spray it is an example of? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: A saturated air parcel is more likely to rise than an unsaturated air parcel in a conditionally unstable environment? |
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Definition
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Term
environmental lapse rate
Stable vs Unstable |
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Definition
Stable is below 5 degrees celcius
conditionally unstable is 7-10 degrees celcius
unstable is 11 degrees Celsius and higher |
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Term
Which air mass covers Georgia in the summer?
Which air mass brings cold air in winter? |
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Definition
Summer- maritime tropical
Winter- continental polar |
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Term
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Definition
Convergent- areas of low pressure
Convectional- warm air rised
orographic- lifting over mountains
frontal- fronts collide forcing air up |
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Term
Cold fronts produce?
Warm fronts produce? |
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Definition
Cold-Thunderstorms
Warm-Moderate precipitation |
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Term
| What is an occluded front? |
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Definition
When a cold air mass catches up to a warm air mass and wedges beneath it
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Term
| How does the weather change when a cold front moves through? |
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Definition
| Temp drops, northernly wind occurs, no precipitation, developing of cirrostratus clouds indicating a warm front is coming |
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Term
Mid-Laitude cyclone "Young Adult" stage front?
Is the cyclone still dangerous in the "occluded stage?" |
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Definition
Young adult- warm front
occluded front- still dangerous, it has maximum strength |
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Term
| T/F: mid-latitude cyclones are surface features with no connection to troposphere? |
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Definition
| FALE: The polar jet stream helps guide the mid latitude cyclones |
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Term
| Boooring weather forcasting? |
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Definition
Persistence....same day after day
climatology...same over decades |
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Term
| Todays forcasting method of "history repeats itself" |
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Definition
| Analog forecasts...repetition of history |
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Term
| T/F: all of the weather forcast...ect. cost about a penner per American per day? |
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Definition
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Term
| Thunderstorm life and property threatening phenomena? |
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Definition
Derechos- Damaging straight lined wind storm (150 mph)
Microburst- surface windstorms that affect airplane travel
Flooding/Hail |
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Term
Three types of Thunderstorms?
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Definition
1) Air Mass
2) multi-cell
3) super cell (produces violent tornados) |
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Term
| Two-word meteorological quantity determines difference in types of Thunderstorms? |
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Definition
Vertical Wind Shear
Air Mass- no wind
Multi-Cell- moderate
Super-cell- violent wind |
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Term
Where are the most thunderstorms in U.S.?
In the world? |
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Definition
Florida/ Gulf of Mexico
Africa (near the equator) |
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Term
What do Derecho's look like on radar?
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Definition
Derechos- Reflexive Radar: Bowed a little...Red and green on doplar
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Term
What is lightning?
What is Thunder?
What is Heat Lightning? |
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Definition
Lightning-Formed in Cumulonimbus cloud and heats the air to 30,000 degrees Celsius
Thunder- sonic shock wave
Heat Lightning- Lightning you can see but don't hear because you are our of range from its sounds waves |
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Term
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Definition
-stay indoors or completely enclosed vehicle
-stay off corded phone and other electronics
-Stay away from pools, tubs, and plumbing |
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Term
| T/F: A Thunderstorm is needed for the possibility of a tornado. |
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Definition
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Term
Best Place on Earth for Tornados?
Which state has the most? |
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Definition
Tornado Ally (nebraska-oklahoma)
Oklahoma has the most tornados per year |
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Term
Theories of Tornado formation?
What is a multi-vortex tornado? |
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Definition
1) Top-down formation/spinning starts in super-cell
2)Bottom Up- upward tilting of horizontal spin at ground
Multi-vortex tornado- multiple vortexes coming from one cell |
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Term
| What is the Enhanced Fujita Scale?(EF) |
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Definition
Uses TORNADO damage after the fact to estimate winds speeds
EF-0...light damage 65-85 mph
EF-5... complete destruction 200+mph |
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Term
| What percent of tornados are EF 4 or 5? |
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Definition
| only about 1%...from that one percent 2/3 of all tornado related deaths occur |
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Term
-What is a tornados vortex signature?
-Hook Echo?
-Remote sensing that allows us to see features? |
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Definition
Vortex- force pushing in opposite direction that causes spin
Hook Echo- a "little hook" is present at the edge of the storm indicating a tornado
Radar- what is used to see tornados |
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Term
| Tornado Forecasting...where do they come from? |
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Definition
| Supercell thunderstorms/following a cold front/in low pressure areas |
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Term
What is a Tropical Cyclone?
Where does it form? |
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Definition
Tropical Cyclones= Hurricanes...for around the center or very low air pressure
Forms in Tropics...NW pacific ocean has the most (Japan) |
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Term
| Three ingredients for a Tropical Cyclone (Hurricane) |
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Definition
1) Warm deep ocean waters
2) Location off the equator
3) A thunderstorm (Multi-Cell) |
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Term
Damage-related scale for hurricanes?
How strong does the wind in a tropical cyclone have to be in order to get a name? |
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Definition
Saffir-Simpson Scale (1-5)...F5=156 mph
Winds must be 39 mph (Tropical Storm) to receive a name |
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Term
| What are some identifiable features of a Hurricane on satellite? |
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Definition
-Looks like a doughnut
-has an eye
-Spiral rain bands |
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Term
| Life Cycle of a Hurricane |
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Definition
1) Seedling...Thunderstom
2) Easterly Wave...wiggle winds
3)Tropical Depression...39mph and below
4)Tropical Storm...39-73 mph
5) Hurricane...Intense low pressure center, defined eye
6) Death...When it gets to far away from warm water source |
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Term
| Three Ways a Tropical Cyclone can kill you? |
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Definition
1) Wind
2) Water
3) Flood/ diseases |
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