Term
Conservation
Ex. Gifford Pinchot. "Conservation means the greatest good to the greatest number for the longest time" National Forests |
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Definition
| The view that natural resources should be used wisely and that society's effects on the natural world should represent stewardship and not exploitation |
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Term
Preservation
Ex. Greenpace, an environmental organization, attempts to entirely halt environmental pollution |
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Definition
| Approach to nature advocating that certain habitats, species, and resources should remain off-limits to human use, regardless of whether the use maintains or depletes the resource in question |
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Term
Sublime Nature
Ex: Mountain peaks, raging storms, night |
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Definition
| Transcendence and quiet wonder; Fearful yet not afraid; Judgement yet not dominion; Immensity of formlessness and boundlessness |
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Term
Beautiful Nature
Ex: Flower beds, grazing flocks, daylight |
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Definition
| Aesthetics and accomplishment |
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Term
Instrumental Nature
Ex: Thoreau saw nature as aesthetic |
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Definition
| Nature is a commodity or a source of aesthetics |
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Term
Intrinsic Nature
Ex: Muir somewhat saw nature as intrinsic |
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Definition
| Anything has a right to exist no matter how small or insignificant, it is valued |
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Term
Environmental Justice
Ex: PCB's in Warren County, North Carolina. High landfill rates in black populated areas. Garbage dumps, incinerators, and landfills in black-dominated neighborhoods |
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Definition
| Damage to the environment secluded to certain ethnic or religious groups, typically defined by black-dominated areas |
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Term
Private Property
Ex: Private land |
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Definition
| The access, use, control, and transfer of land and other means of production, lie with individuals ad forms. Supported by a public bureaucracy |
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Term
Common Property
Ex: Commonly owned land |
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Definition
| Member of a clearly demarked group have a legal right to exclude nonmembers of that group from using a resource |
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Term
Common Pool Resources
Ex: Cow-farm example. |
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Definition
| It is costly/impractical to exclude individuals. The benefits consumed by one individual subtract from the benefits available to others. |
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Term
Ethnicity
Ex: Ethnicity, race, country of origin, heritage, symbols of identification, a homeland |
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Definition
| A set of distinctive cultural and social practices used to promote the inclusively and exclusively of a traditional economy |
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Term
Folk Culture and Landscape
Ex: Kabyle House |
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Definition
| Different social and cultural identities influence the ways that people experience and understand the same place or landscape, even when they belong to the same society or culture |
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Term
Time Geography
Ex: Structuation, practice theory, ANT, NRT, capital, social fields |
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Definition
| Cultural rules that are developed from various sources over time as a means of interacting with others |
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Term
Actor Network Theory
Ex: A family. Hangs together for certain purposes and acts as a single entity. Includes objects such as phone, house, cars, pets, etc. |
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Definition
| An orientation that views the world as composed of "heterogeneous things", including humans and nonhumans and objects |
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Term
Non-Representational Theory
Ex: Connection between memory and music. Certain music brings up certain memories |
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Definition
| An approach to human (and non-human) practices that explores how they are performed and what are their effects |
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Term
Place-Making
Ex: Graffiti used as a territorial marker to establish and proclaim identity for that place |
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Definition
| Places are socially constructed and given different meanings by different groups for different purposes |
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Term
Territoriality
Ex: "Personal space bubbles", newspaper/coat/etc. used to claim seating |
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Definition
| The persistent attachment of individuals or peoples to a specific location or territory |
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Term
Social Construction of Identity
Ex: Hippies |
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Definition
| How either you or the collective society creates an identity for yourself based on your actions or your culture |
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Term
Gendered Spaces and Places
Ex: Men typically more powerful than women, spatial constraints on homosexuality |
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Definition
| Gender reflects social differences between men and women, and these differences change dependent upon different cultures |
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Term
Ethnic Enclaves
Ex: Chinatown |
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Definition
| A distinct territorial, cultural, or social unit enclosed within, or as if foreign territory |
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Term
Segregation
Ex: Enclaves, ghettos, colonies |
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Definition
| The spatial separation of specific subgroups within a wider population |
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Term
Nation
Ex: Jewish, Irish, Americans, Badgers, etc. |
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Definition
| A group of people often sharing common elements of culture, such as religion or language or a history or political identity |
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Term
State
Ex: Egypt, Brazil, Spain, ... |
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Definition
| Independent political units with territorial boundaries that are internationally recognized by other states |
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Term
Nation-State
Ex: Japan could be considered a Nation-State |
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Definition
| Ideal form consisting of a homogenous group of people governed by their own state. Both a nation and a state. |
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Term
Ethnonationalism
Ex: Lenin and the Bolsheviks believed in separating the USSR in a way to recognize the different nationalities and provide them a measure of independence due to the many ethnonational communities |
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Definition
| If the nation contained within a state and nation want to succeed from the state |
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Term
Irridentism
Ex: Led to war with Serbia's claims on Serbian enclaves in Crotia in early 1990s |
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Definition
| Assertion by the government of a country that a minority living outside its formal borders belongs to it historically and culturally |
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Term
Orientalism
Ex: British colonization of India used this idea |
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Definition
| Taking the unusual/rare and essentializing people and places within that particular construct to make something exotic |
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Term
Colonialism
Ex: English becoming a global language |
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Definition
| The establishment and maintenance of political and legal domination by a state over a separate and alien society |
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Term
City
Ex: Koyoto, Cordoba, Seville, Rayy |
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Definition
| Most early cities are relatively densely populated settlements |
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Term
Concentric Models
Ex: Chicago map in the 1920s |
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Definition
| A model of a city with low-rent districts in the middle portion and working outward to more attractive and expensive districts farther out |
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Term
Sector Models
Ex: Hoyt's Sector Model |
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Definition
| Designed to improve upon the current Chicago model based off transportation and affluence, breaking down the city into sectors rather than circles |
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Term
Multiple-Nuclei Models
ex: Rise of automobile and economic specialization |
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Definition
| De-emphasizes the central business district with a rise of different nodes of activity that are spread out |
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Term
Metropolis
Ex: Dallas, Atlanta, Rise of suburbia, rise of automobiles |
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Definition
| No true central business district |
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Term
Megalopolis
Ex: Eastern US has about a quarter of the US population living along the coast in this area |
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Definition
| A chain of roughly adjacent metropolitan areas |
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Term
Congregation
Ex: Milwaukee |
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Definition
| The territorial and residential clustering of specific groups or subgroups of people |
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Term
Discrimination
Ex: Milwaukee |
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Definition
| Treatment of a person or thing based off the group/class/category that the person or thing belongs rather than individual merit |
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Term
Redlining
Ex: Brewer map of 1934 |
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Definition
| The practice of marking off bad-risk neighborhoods on a city map and then using the map to determine lending policy |
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Term
Gentrification
Ex: First Ave. Warehouses in Minneapolis |
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Definition
| Invasion of older, centrally located, working-class neighborhoods by higher-income households seeking the character and convenience of less expensive and well-located residences |
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Term
Gateway City
Ex: Rio De Janeiro due to gold mining |
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Definition
| Serve as a link between one country or region and others because of their physical situation |
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Term
Global City
Ex: New York, London, Tokyo... |
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Definition
| Places that, in the globalized world economy, are able not only to generate powerful spirals of local economic development but also to act as pivotal points in the reorganization of global space |
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Term
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Definition
| Overcrowding, poor or informal housing, inadequate access to safe water and sanitation, and insecurity of tenure |
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Term
Squatter Settlements
Ex: Calampas, or "mushroom cities", in Chile |
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Definition
| Residential developments on land that is neither owned nor rented by its occupants. They are often, but not always, slums. |
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