Term
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Definition
| Lowering of the surface of the land |
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Term
| What is the world rate of denudation? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| downslope movement of broken rock material |
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Term
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Definition
| detachment and removal of broken rock material |
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Term
| What two weathering techniques usually work together? |
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Definition
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Term
| Mechanical (physical) weathering |
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Definition
| physical disintegration of rock |
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Term
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Definition
| Decomposition of rock by organisms |
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Term
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Definition
| chemical decomposition of rocks |
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Term
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Definition
| water freezes, expands, and fractures rock; happens often in high latitudes |
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Term
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Definition
| salt crystals grow and fracture rock; found in arid regions |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| pressure release (uploading) |
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Definition
| as pressure is removed, rocks expand |
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Term
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Definition
| peeling off of curved layers of rock (both mechanical and chemical weathering involved) |
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Term
| Lichens may help decompose rocks (True or false?) |
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Definition
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Term
| Chemical decomposition of rocks involves what? |
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Definition
Moisture
High temperatures
Most effective in the humid tropics |
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Term
| The chemicals involved in Chemical Weathering are: |
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Definition
| Oxidation, Hydrolysis, and Carbonation |
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Term
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Definition
| Steepest angle that loose fragments can maintain |
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Term
| What facilitates Mass Wasting? |
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Definition
1. Oversteepening
2. Excess water
3. Clay layers
4. Dipping sedimentary layers |
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Term
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Definition
| Rocks are loosened and fall to the base of the slope |
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Term
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Definition
| rock fragments at the base of the slope |
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Term
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Definition
| materials move downslope as a solid mass; form of weathering |
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Term
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Definition
| rotation on a curved surface |
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Term
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Definition
| Rock slides on a plane of weakness; failure surface parallel to slope |
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Term
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Definition
| Material flows downslope as a fluid |
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Term
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Definition
| slope collapses; saturated slope moves downhill often slowly; found in humid regions |
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Term
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Definition
| saturated material moves rapidly down drainage channels; often in semiarid/arid regions; "volcanic mudflow" |
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Term
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Definition
| Saturated soil above permafrost moves down slope |
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Term
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Definition
| soil moves slowly under influence of gravity; hence, crooked sign posts and fences |
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Term
| What are some ways to make a landslide? |
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Definition
1) remove base
2) add weight to the top of slope
3) reduce friction
4) remove vegetation |
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Term
| What percent of water comes from the ocean? |
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Definition
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Term
| What percent of water found on earth is in ice? |
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Definition
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Term
| What percent of water is found underground? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| evaporation from plant surfaces |
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Term
| What percent of earth is covered with ice? |
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Definition
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Term
| Glaciers are made of fresh water. |
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Definition
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Term
| What percentage of water flow in the world does the Amazon river carry? |
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Definition
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Term
| Most of the earth's surface water consists of: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-Glacial action
-Sink holes
-Volcanic activity or faulting |
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Term
| Interior lakes become... salt or fresh? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A zone of permeable rock that contains water and releases it into a well |
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Term
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Definition
| All pore spaces are saturated |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Pore spaces may contain either air or water |
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Term
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Definition
| impermeable rock layer; also referred to as an "aquatard" |
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Term
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Definition
| Lowering of a water table around an active well |
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Term
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Definition
| a free flowing well; usually in contact with an already flowing water source |
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Term
| What is limestone composed of? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| slightly soluble in water |
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Term
| Where can calcium carbonate be dissolved? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Limestone structure hanging from ceiling |
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Term
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Definition
| Limestone structure growing from ground up |
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Term
| What are two rocks that caves may form in? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Landscape that develops in humid regions with limestone bedrock
-caverns
-sinkholes (dolines)
-poorly developed stream systems |
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Term
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Definition
| ground water that comes into contact with hot rocks near magma chambers |
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Term
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Definition
| massive deposit of calcium carbonate deposited by hot springs |
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Term
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Definition
| a vent opening in the ground from which steams and other gasses escape |
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Term
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Definition
| a vent opening in the ground from which steams and other gasses escape |
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Term
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Definition
| Eruption of steam and water |
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Term
| Urban development in flooding areas may: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Embankments to keep stream in its channel |
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Term
|
Definition
| concrete walls to keep stream inside its channel |
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Term
| What was the worst river disaster recorded in history? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| contains water in the rainy season |
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Term
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Definition
| contains water only during rain or shortly after |
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Term
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Definition
| region drained by a single stream system |
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Term
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Definition
| ridge separating adjacent drainage basins |
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Term
| The Mississippi River drains how much of the lower 48 states? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Separates stream systems draining into different oceans |
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Term
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Definition
| stream drains into interior basin - water is saline |
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Term
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Definition
| Angle of stream (steepness) |
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Term
| Upper Reach of stream characteristics |
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Definition
-steep gradient
-V shaped valleys
-rapids and waterfalls |
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Term
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Definition
| resistant rock above, less resistant rock below |
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Term
| How far does Niagra falls move upstream every year? |
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Definition
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Term
| Lower reach of stream characteristics: |
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Definition
-gentle gradient
-wide flood plain |
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Term
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Definition
| Lowest point to which a stream can flow or erode at its bed |
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Term
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Definition
| Tree like pattern; most common |
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Term
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Definition
| Long, parallel; alternating layers of hard and soft rock |
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Term
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Definition
| Streams radiate out of mountain |
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Term
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Definition
| Streams converge to a central basin |
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Term
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Definition
| the size of the largest particle a stream can carry |
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Term
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Definition
| maximum load a stream can carry |
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Term
| factors effecting stream process |
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Definition
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Term
| factors effecting velocity: |
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Definition
1)channel shape
2)gradient
3)channel roughness |
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Term
| What is the discharge equation? |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| line connecting deepest parts of the channel; doesn't follow middle of channel all the time |
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Term
| What is the most common type of stream called? |
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Definition
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Term
| On a meandering stream, where does erosion and deposition take place? |
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Definition
Erosion: outside of curve
Deposition: inside of curve |
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Term
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Definition
| Sections of streams that are cut off from the stream after it gets wider and wider |
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Term
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Definition
| originates elsewhere in a humid region and flows into a dry region |
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Term
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Definition
| Dry desert lake; evaporates quickly |
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Term
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Definition
| series of alluvial fans that have coalesced along the foot of the mountains |
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Term
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Definition
| lifting and removal of sand particles by wind; may form depressions called blowouts |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| material is bounced across bed |
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Term
|
Definition
| Material is dragged around bed |
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Term
| wave of translation becomes a wave of oscillation. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the best method of protecting a shore? |
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Definition
| wide beaches to absorb the energy of the waves |
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Term
|
Definition
| sea level has risen or land has subsided |
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Term
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Definition
| land rises; wave-cut platforms form in marine terraces |
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Term
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Definition
| forms around a volcano or islanf |
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Term
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Definition
| slightly off shore from an island |
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