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| theory that the Earth's lithosphere is divided into a number of large, platelike sections that move as distinct masses. |
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| A theory stating that the Earth's continents have been joined together and have moved away from each other at different times in the Earth's history. |
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| an arc-shaped chain of islands |
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| The outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle |
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| A zone of the earth's mantle that lies beneath the lithosphere and consists of several hundred kilometers of deformable rock. |
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| A long, steep-sided valley on the ocean floor. |
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| super continent that included all the landmasses of the earth before the Triassic Period. |
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| A submerged border of a continent that slopes gradually and extends to a point of steeper descent to the ocean bottom. |
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| a temperature gradient in a thermally stratified body of water, such as a lake |
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| a ringlike system of ocean currents rotating clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and counterclockwise in the Southern Hemisphere. |
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| a complex interaction on the surface of the sea between wind, rotation of the earth, and friction forces |
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| A warm ocean current of the northern Atlantic Ocean off eastern North America. |
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| a high wave(often dangerous)caused by tidal flow |
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| A very large ocean wave caused by an underwater earthquake or volcanic eruption. |
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| The process by which the direction of a wave train moving in shallow water at an angle to the contours is changed. |
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| The return flow of water piled up on shore by incoming waves and wind. |
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| ocean current that flows parallel to and close to the shore. |
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| The material transported by drifting of beach. |
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| rock terrace formed where a sea cliff, with a wave-cut platform before it, is raised above sea level. |
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| An indentation cut into a sea cliff at water level by wave action. |
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| blocks of erosion-resistant rock isolated from the land by sea. |
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| high, rocky coasts that plunge down to the sea's edge. |
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| enclosed areas of water cut off from the source |
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| a spit that completely closes access to a bay, thus sealing it off from the main body of water. |
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| a deposition landform in which an island is attached to the mainland by a narrow piece of land such as a spit or bar. |
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| a coastal landform and a type of barrier system, are relatively narrow strips of sand that are parallel to the mainland coast. |
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| a coral island consisting of a reef surrounding a lagoon. |
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| A coral reef roughly parallel to a shore and separated from it by a lagoon or other body of water. |
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| coral structures that are attached to the mainland or to continental islands. |
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| deep-rooted plant that obtains water from a permanent ground supply or from the water table. |
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| (of a plant) having fleshy and juicy tissues |
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| A plant whose ovules are enclosed in an ovary; a flowering plant. |
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| A plant, such as a cycad or conifer, whose seeds are not enclosed within an ovary. |
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| A flat grassland of tropical or subtropical regions. |
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| An underground bed or layer of permeable rock, sediment, or soil that yields water. |
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| An impermeable body of rock or stratum of sediment that acts as a barrier to the flow of groundwater. |
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| A well drilled through impermeable strata to reach water capable of rising to the surface by internal hydrostatic pressure. |
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| The level below which the ground is completely saturated with water. |
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| the ground below the water table |
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| The subsurface sediment above the water table containing air and water. Also known as unsaturated zone; vadose zone; zone of suspended water. |
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| An area of irregular limestone in which erosion has produced fissures, sinkholes, underground streams, and caverns. |
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| Calcium carbonate in the form of stalactites or stalagmites. |
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| A natural depression in a land surface communicating with a subterranean passage, generally occurring in limestone regions and formed by solution or by collapse of a cavern roof. |
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| occurs in an aquifer when groundwater is pumped from a well |
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| the largest aquifer in the Western North American Region |
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| Limestone towers, from 30 to 200m in height with nearly vertical walls and gently domed or serrated summits. |
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