Term
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Definition
| a set of economic and political relationships that organizes agro-food production from the development of seeds to the retailing and consumption of the agricultural product |
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Term
| Agricultural Industrialization |
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Definition
| process whereby the farm has moved from being the centerpiece of agricultural production to become one part of an integrated string of vertically organized industrial processes including production, storage, processing, distribution, marketing, and retailing |
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Definition
| technique that uses living organisms [or part of organisms] to make or modify products, to improve plants and animals or to develop microorganisms for specific uses |
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Definition
| method of maintaining soil fertility in which the fields under cultivation remain the same, but the crop being planted is changed |
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Definition
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| producing more than one crop |
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| acute starvation associated with a sharp increase in mortality |
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Definition
| five central and connected sectors [inputs, production, product processing, distribution, and consumption] with four contextual elements acting as external mediating forces [the State, international trade, the physical environment, and credit and finance] |
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Definition
| a person, a household, or even a country has assured access to enough food at all times to ensure active and healthy lives |
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Definition
| a system of food production increasingly dependent upon an economy and set of regulatory practices that are global in scope and organization |
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Term
| Genetically modified organism |
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Definition
| any organism that has had its DNA modified in a laboratory rather than through cross-pollination or other forms of evolution |
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Definition
| the export of a technological package of fertilizers and high-yielding seeds, from the core to the periphery, to increase global agricultural productivity |
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Definition
Indian farmers started using modern ways of farming (the same way they use
farming here in the US) but it is difficult for them to do so, they have to buy special seeds from American companies (these special seeds are basically genetically altered so they are resistant to pesticides and bugs and make them grow larger) however they require a lot of input, like lots of water, fertilizer, Nitrogren and etc. AND on top of that the farmer has to pay interest to the companies who make the seeds since they require genetic engineering, hence they are patented and they are actually the exclusive intellecutal property of the company. This has caused much distress to the Indian farmers who rely on a much more natural means of growing crops. And the biggest outcome of all this is that the Indian farmers cannot pay back their debt. |
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Term
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Definition
| inadequate intake of one or more nutrients and/or calories |
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Term
| Confined Animal Feeding Operation |
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Definition
| example: corn fed cattle in movie |
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Term
| How does food impact energy, health care, climate change, and global politics? |
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Definition
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Term
| How can free trade lead to famine and food shortages? |
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Definition
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Term
the government will pay farmers to sell
food for less than you should |
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Definition
| How do agricultural subsidies work? |
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Term
| mechanization, chemical inputs, and food processing all go into oil |
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Definition
| What is the relationship between oil and the industrial food system? |
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Term
| a negative relationship - increase in food quality [ex. GMO's] causes a decrease in quality. Some people [ex. Africa] are on the verge of starvation so quality isn't a large factor. |
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Definition
| What is the relationship between food quantity and food quality? How does this emphasis change depending on where you are in the world? |
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Term
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Definition
| individual decision making helps shapes cities |
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Term
1) 1956 Interstate Highway Act
2) Federal Housing Administration
3) Deindustrialization
4) Urban renewal
5) Levittown
6) Racial Segregation and Job Discrimination in Cities & Suburbs
7) Shopping Malls
8) Sunbelt style sprawl
9) Air Conditioning
10) Urban Riots |
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Definition
| 10 things that have influenced the development of American cities |
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Term
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Definition
| the practice whereby lending institutions delimit "bad-risk" neighborhoods on a city map and then use the map as the basis for determining loans |
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Definition
| white neighborhood that’s close to black neighborhood, real estate agents would try to get white families to move, then agents would buy house for cheap and sell it to black families for a huge mark up |
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Term
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Definition
| the invasion of older, centrally located working-class neighborhoods by higher-income households seeking the character and convenience of less expensive and well located residences |
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Term
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Definition
| increasing limitations on city revenues, combined with increasing demands for expenditure |
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Term
| Edge cities (Polycentric metropolis) |
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Definition
| nodal concentrations of shopping and office space situated on the outer fringes of metropolitan areas, typically near major highway intersections |
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Term
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Definition
| the transmission of poverty and deprivation from one generation to another through a combination of domestic circumstances and local, neighborhood conditions |
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Term
1) Growth disparities of wealth - larger difference between the richest and poorest
2) Suburban political majority
3) Aging of the baby boomers
4) Perpetual ‘underclass’ in central cities and inner-ring suburbs
5) Smart growth - planning with the objective to eliminate sprawl style urbanization
6) The Internet
7) Deterioration of the ‘first-ring’ suburbs
8) Shrinking household size
9) Outer beltways and edge cities
10) Racial integration and diversity |
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Definition
| 10 things likely to influence the future of cities in the next 50 years |
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Term
| Garden Springs mobile home park |
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Definition
• 2001: residents were going to be evicted in 60 days [people own the home not the land]
• Residents protested and wanted city to negotiate with landlord who lived in Vermont – instead extended their eviction and pitched in money
• [in GA] no “right of first refusal” laws: requires landlord selling property to first offer it to people living there (landlord then gets large tax break)
** Ownership structure of mobile home parks in GA allows slumlords to “milk” the tenants |
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Term
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Definition
| What are the major forces shaping the geography of cities? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the relationship between neoliberalism and urbanization or urban policy? |
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Term
Lack of Medium and High Paying Jobs
High School Dropout & Graduation Rates
High Rate of Teen Pregnancies
Undersized Middle Class
Uniform Crime Reports – crime factors
Lack of Affordable Housing |
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Definition
| What are some of the key factors related to poverty in Athens? |
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Term
1) As the largest employer in ACC by many thousands, UGA sets the wage ceiling.
2) UGA necessitates thousands of low wage – if not minimum wage – jobs. |
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Definition
| What relationship does UGA have both to prosperity and poverty in Athens? |
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Term
1) the reinvestment of capital;
2) the social upgrading of locale by incoming high-income groups;
3) landscape change; and
4) direct or indirect displacement of low-income groups |
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Definition
| What is gentrification? What are some of the positive and negatives associated with gentrification? |
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Term
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Definition
| What are some of the major factors that led to the closing of the Garden Springs mobile home park in 2001-2002? |
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Term
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Definition
| the acquisition, by colonized peoples, of control over their own territory |
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Term
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Definition
| communist and noncommunist countries respectively |
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Term
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Definition
| the differentiation made between the colonizing states of the Northern Hemisphere and the formerly colonized states of the Southern Hemisphere |
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Term
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Definition
| the state's power to control space or territory and shape the foreign policy of individual states and international political relations |
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Term
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Definition
| the triumph of capitalism over communism, wherein the United States becomes the world's only superpower and therefore its policing force |
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Term
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Definition
| the delimited area over which a state exercises control and which is recognized by other states |
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Term
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Definition
| the exercise of state power over people and territory, recognized by other states and codified by international law |
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Term
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Definition
| the establishment of a legally recognized home in Palestine for the Jewish people |
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Term
| Intifada [box on Israel and Palestine pages 382-385] |
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Definition
| uprising against Israel by the Palestine people |
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Term
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Definition
| in an emergency in a fast moving world, only the executive can deal with the issue properly; the law is no subservient to the notion that we have to get things done |
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Term
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Definition
- Under the Platt Amendment (1901), the US retained the right to intervene in the future “for the preservation of Cuban independence”.
- To do that, the US required Cuba to lease “lands necessary for coaling or naval stations” |
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Term
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Definition
| to be held in prison one must be charged with a crime |
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Term
| Geneva Conventions on torture |
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Definition
| convention that made international laws regarding the torture of those imprisoned |
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Term
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Definition
| system of racial segregation [1948 – 1994]; means ‘apartness’; totalizing system (applied to every aspect of life) |
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Term
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Definition
| black south Africans had to have passes to go anywhere; would be put in jail if these laws were broken |
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Term
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Definition
revolutionary document; called for end of apartheid; written by Nelson Mandela
1) True democracy [allow blacks to vote]
2) Redistribute the wealth that had been confiscated from blacks |
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Term
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Definition
| Political power vs. Economic power |
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Term
• Politics: who gets what, when where and how; a negotiation between force and consent; power to convince me I want to do something; relationship between force and consent
• Mostly states that control borders
• Globalization poses challenges to state being focal point of political power |
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Definition
| How has globalization altered traditional forms of state power and the law? |
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Term
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Definition
| How has both the Cold War and colonialism shaped political geography? |
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Term
| Abraham Lincoln - suspended writ of Habeas Corpus and freed slaves with executive orders; Wilson - espionage act; FDR - used executive powers to fix the depression |
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Definition
| What are some of the historical examples of the ‘state of exception’? |
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Term
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Definition
| How might the ‘state of exception’ actually become the rule in the global war on terror? |
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Term
Southwest end of Cuba
Cuba has ultimate sovereignty but US can exercise complete jurisdiction |
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Definition
| Where exactly is Guantanamo Bay Cuba? Why is it both outside and inside the US? |
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Term
• Revitalizes areas that have been in decline
o Decrease in crime
o Increase in property value
o Increased economic activity |
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Definition
| Positive aspects of gentrification |
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Term
• Like an “invasion” or “colonialization” –> “yuppie invasion”
• Only good for those who can afford to live there
o Progress for whom? |
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Definition
| Negative aspects of gentrification |
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