Term
| What is hydrologic cycle? |
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Definition
| nonstop water cycle to the earth. Sea water is evaporated and it is being used on the ground and the rest is going back to the sea, non stop circulation |
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Term
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Definition
| liquid water is converted to water vapor It decreases in temperature then produces cloud through process called condensation (condensation is opposite of evaporation) |
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Term
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Definition
| The heat required to convert a solid into a liquid or vapor, or a liquid into a vapor, without change of temperature |
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Term
| Factors affecting evaporation |
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Definition
| Warm water, warm air, moving water |
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Term
| Define, transpiration, evapotraspiration |
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Definition
transpiration- the total amount of water evaporated by vegatation
evapotranspiration- the total amount of water evaporated from the earth, which includes transpiration |
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Term
| What is condensation-needs for condensation-supercooled water |
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Definition
| It collides with supercooled water to get bigger. Supercooled= minute water droplets stay in liquid form until it reaches -45 degrees Celsius |
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Term
| Types of clouds -properties of each family of clouds |
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Definition
1. Cirriform aka Cirrus cloud
2. Statiform aka Stratus Cloud
3. Cumulus |
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Term
| Cumulonimbus clouds -what are they? |
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Definition
| bottom and top VERY far apart, a form of cumulus cloud, recognize the cloud by its projection (anvil shape), from top to bottom, the highest CLOUD IS CUMULONIMBUS! has vertical current, which pulls in warm air at about the rate of 100 m per second, the temperature of the lightning is about 30,000 degrees Calvin,lightning is always associated with the thunder |
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Term
| Hail-how it becomes bigger |
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Definition
| Hail can become bigger by the winds carrying up water droplets back into the cloud and freezing it , then doing it over. |
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Term
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Definition
| The amount of water vapor present in air expressed as a percentage of the amount needed for saturation at the same temperature. |
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Term
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Definition
| when temp and dew point are NOT the same- less than 100% humidity |
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Term
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Definition
| Temp and dew point are the same- which is 100% humidity- which means parcel is saturated |
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Term
| Define adiabatic lapse rate aka dry adiabatic rate? |
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Definition
| How fast the air parcel temperature will change COOLING by EXPANSION |
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Term
| Define dry adiabatic rate? |
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Definition
| means it's "dry" air, relative humidity is LESS than 100% 5.5 DRY=FIVE (down is add, up is subtract) |
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Term
| Define saturated (wet) adiabatic rate |
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Definition
| means it's "wet" air, relative humidity is AT 100% 3.3 (down is add, up is subtract) |
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Term
| Why wet is less than dry adiabatic lapse rate? |
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Definition
| Because condensation releases latent heat so the wet adabatic rate is LESS |
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Term
| What controls the capacity to hold water in the atmosphere? |
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Definition
Controlled by temerpature
Temperature increases, the capacity to hold moisture increases
Temperature decreases, the capacity to hold moisture decreases |
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Term
| What is the relation between temperature and relative humidity? |
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Definition
Temperature up, relative humidity down
INVERSELY related |
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Term
| Define dew point, condensation level |
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Definition
| the critical point at which the unsaturated air becomes saturated (100% humidity) |
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Term
| What are different types of fogs? |
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Definition
| ????? Fog= long nights, night should be clear so that the energy radiated is not returned to the earth, low wind conditions so that there is no turbulence and mixing ???? |
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Term
| What are the atmospheric lifting mechanisms, where? |
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Definition
| Convergent lifting- ITC, Convective lifting- SW US, Cyclonic-S Atlantic, Orographic-W US, Frontal- Mid latitude |
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Term
| Examples of orographic, convergent, convective, and frontal lifting |
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Definition
Convergent= wind from both direction lifts up, intertropical convergence zone
Convective=cumulonimbus, air heated by
ground,rises
frontal- where two different air masses meet
orographic- Windward is left, Lots of precipitation
Leeward=rain shadow region =No rain |
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Term
| Common type of precipitation |
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Definition
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Term
| Cirriform aka Cirrus cloud |
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Definition
| Very thin, highest altitude, 30,000 feet, ice crystals NO precipitation because it is just a patch of cloud |
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Term
| Statiform aka Stratus Cloud |
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Definition
| A layer cloud, you can see the sun or moon with a halo around it, drizzle |
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Term
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Definition
| dark base, thick cloud, NO sunlight through, surrounding temperature is cold, can produce precipitation, but if no precipitation, you can see the shadows on the ground, could be raining on one block and not on the next because the cloud is in isolation, moving on its own |
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Term
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Definition
Synoptic scale (REALLY BIG)
Areas of high pressure
relatively uniform |
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Term
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Definition
1. Cold front- cumulounimbus clouds
2. Warm front- stretch, stratus
3. Stationary front- doesn't move
4. occluded front- when cold front overtakes a warm front |
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Term
| How do you know when a front has passed your region? |
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Definition
change in:
wind direction
pressure
temperature
wind velocity |
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Term
| Define cold, warm and stationary fronts and the associated cloud types |
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Definition
cool- cumulous, cumulonimbus
warm- stratus, stratocumulus
stationary usually stratus |
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Term
| What are source regions? Some good examples of source regions |
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Definition
The places where the air masses originate
Homogeneous/uniform aka JUST land or JUST water
Some examples: Antarctica, Siberia, Sahara |
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Term
| Properties of different air masses |
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Definition
| Precipitation? Temperature? Dry/Humid? cT mT cP mP E A |
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Term
| Air masses that affect North America |
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Definition
| ALL. CP from Canada, MP from Pacific and Atlantic Ocean, CT is in Central states, only that DOES NOT IS EQUATORIAL |
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Term
| What are hurricanes, different local names for hurricanes? |
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Definition
| Warm water, steered by subtropical highs, MOVE E-->W spin Counter |
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Term
| General direction of movement of hurricanes, what provides the energy for hurricanes? |
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Definition
| from east to west, WARM WATER = ENERGY trade winds give it strength to become a hurricane |
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Term
| What is the nature of the eye of the hurricane? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the minimum speed required to classify a low to a hurricane |
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Definition
| when the speed exceeds 74mph or 155 kph |
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Term
| Hurricanes cause the most damage in which part of the world |
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Definition
| Bay of Bengal, Arabian Sea |
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Term
| What causes the hurricanes to dissipate? |
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Definition
Entering the land
AKA Cutting off the warm water source |
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Term
| What causes the most damage? Wind or water |
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Definition
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Term
| At what lat hurricanes do not form? |
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Definition
| Hurricanes 10 degrees N and S |
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Term
| Using what scale the hurricanes are classified |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is the approximate pressure difference in the vortex |
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Definition
Another name for the vortex is the eye
Answer: Not known/no data available |
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Term
| What is a condensation funnel |
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Definition
| The funnel that extends from the vortex to the cloud base |
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Term
| What is the approximate diameter of the vortex? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where thunderstorms and tornados do not form why |
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Definition
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Term
| What the general direction of tornadoes |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the tornado alley? |
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Definition
| Places where the tornadoes usually take place. SW texas --> Kansas, Nebraska, Illinois, Indiana |
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Term
| What scale is used to measure the force of tornado? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Where two different air masses meet at different levels
especially continental polar and maritime tropical air
produces the rotation of the formation of tornadoes
(dry line takes place way up in the atmosphere whereas front line takes place down low) |
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Term
| What is Doppler and wind profiler? |
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Definition
Doppler-
classifies opposite moving material- could be wind, could be rainfall
internet connection of Doppler has increased the meteorologist ability to locate exactly where the funnel of the tornado is |
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