Term
| Example of Spatial Question |
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Definition
| Are there bars in Mount pleasant |
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Term
| Example of Non-Spatial Question |
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Definition
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Term
| Mapping for Science (subjects |
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Definition
| More static (stones, trees, soils, wetlands) |
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Term
| Mapping for Social Science (subjects |
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Definition
| Movable and constantly changing (human) |
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Term
| Mapping for Science (neighborhoods importance |
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Definition
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Term
| Mapping for Social Science (neighborhoods importance |
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Definition
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Term
| Mapping for Science (borders |
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Definition
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Term
| Mapping for Social Science (borders |
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Definition
no clear borders
can be man-made and political; boundary problems |
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Term
| Mapping for Science (privacy concern |
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Definition
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Term
| Mapping for Social Science (privacy concern |
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Definition
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Term
| Mapping subjects for Science example |
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Definition
| trees-locations are fixed, changing slowly |
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Term
| Mapping subjects for Social Science example |
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Definition
People-locations are changing constantly
time matters- need both spatial and temporary data |
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Term
| Mapping boundaries for science |
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Definition
| Soial- boundaries are irregular, non-political |
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Term
| Mapping boundaries for Social science |
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Definition
| Israel- borders are political, human-made |
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Term
| Mapping boundaries for Social science PROBLEMS |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| patterns of interaction or interdependency across the borders of the bounded region are ignored or distorted |
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Term
| Neighborhoods for science |
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Definition
| pixel-based, the concept of neighborhood is irrelevant |
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Term
| Neighborhoods for Social science |
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Definition
| Rarely pixel-based, the concept of neighborhood is relevant |
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Term
| Modifiable Areal Unit Problem [MAUP] |
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Definition
| occurs when point-based measures of spatial phenomena are aggregated into districts resulting summary values are influenced by th choice of district boundaries |
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Term
| privacy concerns for science |
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Definition
privacy is not a concern
100% data
Data aggregation is not needed |
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Term
| privacy concerns for Social science |
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Definition
Privacy is a huge concern
almost always need data aggregation |
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Term
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Definition
Display the distribution of one or more variables aggregated by a geographic unit
Theme of information across certain geographic area |
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Term
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Definition
Those we use to find our way [road map]
can be used as base map for thematic maps |
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Term
| Thematic vs Reference maps |
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Definition
Thematic displays a theme across space using one or more variables.
Reference are simple maps used to find our way. |
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Term
| Types of Thematic maps (5 |
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Definition
Cartograms
Chorophleth
Dot Density
Flow
Proportional symbol maps |
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Term
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Definition
Each dot represents certain quantity of things
[people, trees, crimes] |
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Term
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Definition
Use color to represent the value of variable
[population density, income, race] |
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Term
| Proportional symbol map (def&ex |
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Definition
the size of the symbol is proportionate to the value of a variable
[migration, race] |
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Term
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Definition
Shows direction and movement of something
[imports/exports, traffic, immigration]
often without a legend, meant to give map user a visual impression; rather than exact quantites |
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Term
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Definition
Value-By-Area map
The size of the geographic unit represents the variable's quantity |
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Term
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Definition
Selection method you can use to select features in a layer by
query expression that is used to select features that match the selection criteria |
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Term
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Definition
| tool that selects features based on their location relative to features in another layer. |
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Term
| Neighborhood (sociology perspective |
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Definition
Neighborhood represents strong SOCIAL relationships
[Exchange of help/goods, social ties, greetings]
Not so much as a distinct physical area
["placeless community" "sense of community] |
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Term
| Neighborhood (geography/planning perspective |
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Definition
Focus on equal access to neighborhood-level features/services
subunit build the physical and social fabric of a city |
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Term
| Key Questions Related to neighborhood study (What3 |
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Definition
What are the . . . of/in neighborhood:
Boundaries
problems/issues [crime, environmental quality]
socioeconomic feature |
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Term
| Key Questions Related to neighborhood study (Where |
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Definition
Where are the ... provided in neighborhoods:
amenities
facilities
services |
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Term
| Key Questions Related to neighborhood study (dopeople |
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Definition
| Do people live in neighborhoods have EQUAL access to services? |
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Term
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Definition
Everyone receives the same benefit
disadvantaged ones receive more benefits
people in need receive more benefits
Equity = Market efficiency |
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Term
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Definition
Apportions the 435 seats in the house of Representatives
Portion of the nation's population in each state as measured by the Decennial census |
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Term
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Definition
Determine state and local political districts
Distribute federal funds to states and local areas, state funds to loacal areas, and all kinds of federal, state, local funds to neighborhoods
Evaluate many federal, state and local program |
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Term
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Definition
Nation
Regions
Divisions
States
Counties
County Subdivisions and Places
Census Tracts
Block Groups
Blocks |
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Term
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Definition
Smallest unit of data tabulation
do not cross census tracts or counties
Bounded by visible features and legal boundaries
size: 100 people |
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Term
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Definition
A collection of blocks
cant cross tract boundary
size: 600 - 3000 people
lowest level where sample data is available |
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Term
| Census Tract (def,purpose,&size |
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Definition
unit closest in size to what we think of as a 'neighborhood'
Small, relatively permanent statistical subdivisions of a county
Designed to be homogeneous with respect to population characteristics, economic status, and living conditions
Size: 1500 - 8000 persons |
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Term
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Definition
Cities [towns, villages]
Counties
States |
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Term
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Definition
Created by Census Bureau:
Blocks
block groups
tracts
urbanized areas
metropolitan areas
census regions
census divisions |
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Term
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Definition
100% count 'short form'
Focus on the information collected on the census short form
[age, sex, origin, households, familes, owner/renter status]
Has most geographic detail with data for census block groups and blocks |
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Term
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Definition
Sample count 'long form'
Focus on social, economic and housing characteristics compiled from a sample of approx 19 million housing units
[income, education, occupation, ancestry, disability, housing subject, etc]
data for block groups, ZIP code, congrssional districts, and metropolitan areas. |
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Term
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Definition
SF1 is short for 100% of pop get it
sf3 is long sample form that a selected group gets |
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Term
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Definition
| ACS replace SF3 and estimates in 1, 5, 10 years |
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Term
| American Community Survey |
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Definition
| Period estimates describing the average characteristics of an area over a specified period [1 3 5 year estimates] |
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Term
| Metropolitan Statistical area [MSA] (def&size |
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Definition
| Independent MA: a county or set of counties with a population over 100,000 and a central city population of at least 50,000 persons |
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Term
| Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical area [CMSA] (def&ex |
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Definition
Interconnected groups of MSA
Detroit-warren-flint,mi CMSA |
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Term
| Primary Metropolitan Statistical area (def&ex |
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Definition
Individual MSAs in CMSA
[flint, mi PMSA in Detroit-warren-flint CMSA] |
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Term
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Definition
sex
race
age
household relationship |
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Term
| 100% count examples (housing |
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Definition
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Term
| Sample count examples (pop |
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Definition
educational attainment
occupation
income (from previous uear) & poverty
transportation to and place of work |
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Term
| Sample count examples (housing |
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Definition
Values
year structure built
year moved in
plumbing available |
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Term
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Definition
Administrative
basic (population)
financial (housing)
Social (population)
Physical (housing)
Economic (population and housing) |
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Term
| Federal Information Processing Standards Codes [FIPS] (GovernedBy, def) |
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Definition
Governed by National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
Ensure uniform identification of geographic entities |
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Term
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Definition
population-person
workers-employed persons over 16
Housing-housing unit
household-occupied housing unit |
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Term
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Definition
Household: one ore more persons sharing a housing unit
Family: a subset of household, persons living together and related by blood, marriage, or adoption |
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Term
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Definition
Race: Social and cultural & biological and genetic
Ethnicity: purely cultural variable
defined by language or heritage |
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Term
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Definition
| tool in arcmap allowing attribute calculation |
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Term
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Definition
| tool in arcmap allowing statistical data for selected attribute field |
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Term
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Definition
| summary of field information |
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Term
| Network Dataset (def&consitsOf |
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Definition
GIs dataset that is designed to support network analysis
Feature source or sources that participate in a network:
lines
junctions
turns |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Line feature
elements that connect to other elements and are linked over which resources flow |
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Term
| network element: junction |
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Definition
point features
junctions connect edges and facilitate navigation from one edge to another |
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Term
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Definition
optional
turn elements record information about the movement between two or more edges |
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Term
| key properties of a network: edges |
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Definition
cost (impedance)
descriptors
restrictions
hierarchy
modes |
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Term
| key properties of a network: junction |
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Definition
turns (U-turn, prohibited turns)
connectivity (overpass)
transfers |
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Term
| Different ways of defining impedance |
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Definition
(cost)
by distance or travel time |
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Term
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Definition
| Rapid movement between two points [origin and destination] regardless of the distance between the points and the characteristics of the point |
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Term
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Definition
| intensity of possibility of interaction and the ease of reaching destination |
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Term
| Accessibility are determined by (2 |
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Definition
Travel cost
destination choice |
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Term
| four ways to measure accessibility |
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Definition
Minimizing Distance Method
Minimizing Travel Cost
Covering Objectives (accumulative opportunities measure)
Gravity Model |
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Term
| ways to measure accessibility: Minimizing Distance Method (def&LvH |
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Definition
the minimum distance between each origin and nearest destination
The lower, the better |
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Term
| ways to measure accessibility: Minimizing Travel Cost (def&LvH |
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Definition
The average distance between each origin and each destination
the lower, the better |
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Term
ways to measure accessibility: Covering objectives (accumulative opportunities measure)
(def&LvH |
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Definition
the number of destinations covered within a pre-defined buffer around each origin
The higher, the better |
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Term
| ways to measure accessibility: Gravity Model (def&LvH |
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Definition
Most widely used model Attractiveness vs Cost (distance/time)
The higher, the better. |
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Term
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Definition
Nearest distance approach:
if amenity is within .25 miles, it gets maximum number of points.
Points decline as distance approaches 1 mile.
Each category is weighted equally and points are summed and normalized to yeild a score 0-100 |
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Term
| learn ACS point estimation for NY city |
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Definition
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