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GEO2410 - 2
Urbanization Trends in the U.S.
45
Geography
Undergraduate 2
09/20/2010

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Cards

Term
What is the Demographic Equation?
Definition
P2 = P1 + B - D + I - O
Term
What includes the international migration of both native and foreign-born populations?
Definition
Net international migration
Term
The United States in the mid-19th century was predominantly a(n) [ urban / rural ] society?
Definition
Rural
Term
What was the total U.S. urbanization rate in 1850?
Definition
15%
Term
In 1850, which region was the most urbanized, and what was its urbanization rate?
Definition
The Northeast: 27%
Term
In 1850, what was the least urbanized region, and what was its urbanization rate?
Definition
The West: 6%
Term
When did the U.S. economy transform from agriculture to manufacturing in the most pronounced fashion?
Definition
1880-1930
Term
_________ was rapid during the period of 1880-1930.
Definition
Term
Other than the industrial revolution, what other massive population shift greatly contributed to urban growth?
Definition
Immigration
Term
Between 1880 and 1930, ________ people immigrated to the U.S.
Definition
28 million
Term
Most immigrants between 1880-1930 settled in [ urban / rural ] areas.
Definition
Urban - This was where the jobs were.
Term
In 1930, which region was the most urbanized, and what was its urbanization rate?
Definition
The Northeast: 78%
Term
In 1930, what was the least urbanized region, and what was its urbanization rate?
Definition
The South: 34%
Term
In 1930, what was the total urbanization rate of the U.S.?
Definition
56%
Term
During what two periods did urban growth slow down?
Definition
The Depression Era (1929-1940) and World War II (1940-1945)
Term
What has been the trend in the urbanization rate of the U.S. since 1950?
Definition
Steady, upward trend
Term
In 2003 ("today"), what are the two most urbanized regions, and what are their urbanization rates?
Definition
The Northeast and the West: around 90%
Term
In 2003 ("today"), what is the total U.S. urbanization rate?
Definition
83%
Term
During which decade did large industrial- or manufacturing-based metropolitan areas begin to lost jobs and residents to smaller-sized metropolitan areas and non-metropolitan areas?
Definition
The 1970s
Term
True or False: The pace of urbanization was always uniform across all regions of the country.
Definition
False: The current unequal regional urbanization rates are a product of historical past.
Term
In the 1970s, which two regions experienced very low population growth (even negative) along with substantial losses in the numbers employed in manufacturing jobs?
Definition
Northeast and Midwest
Term
What type of industry did the unsuccessful metropolitan areas focus on in the 1970s?
Definition
Dirty industry
Term
In the 1960s, there was still very vigorous growth in which two regions?
Definition
Northeast and Midwest
Term
In the 1970s, which region took the biggest hit in urbanization rate?
Definition
The Northeast
Term
What is the term for the "scaling down of manufacturing production"?
Definition
Deindustrialization
Term
True or false: By the late 1970s, it was clear that the kind of stuff the U.S. was making was no longer very economically competitive with the goods from foreign countries.
Definition
True
Term
In the late 1970s, what was a response to mounting foreign competition, rising labor costs, high energy costs, declining profitability of manufacturing firms in U.S. locations, and the growing obsolescence of our industrial infrastructure?
Definition
Deindustrialization
Term
Instead of all stages of production occurring as an integrated process by a single corporation, what practice began in the 1980s?
Definition
Vertical integration of firms, vertical disintegration of business
Term
What were the three factors in a metropolitan area that bred the strongest population and job growth in the 1980s?
Definition
1. Knowledge-based/high-tech industries

2. Labor recruitment in low-wage areas of the South

3. Emphasis on recreation and leisure-time activites
Term
What region did particularly well in the 1980s?
Definition
The South
Term
True or False: The U.S. economy moved from predominantly goods-producing (manufacturing) to service provision.
Definition
True
Term
What is the term for firms, companies, or corporations providing business and professional services to other professional and business entities?
Definition
Advanced/Producer Services
Term
What are locational concentrations of related economic activities?
Definition
Agglomeration economies
Term
What are the four principle advantages of agglomeration economies?
Definition
1. Large labor pools
2. Specialized business services
3. Training facilities
4. Research institutions
Term
True or False: Urbanization will continue as an important trend, but metropolitan growth will occur in different geographic regions than in the past and for different reasons.
Definition
True
Term
For the past half-century, Metropolitan Area growth in which two regions has been the highest?
Definition
The West and the South
Term
[ Larger / Smaller ] metropolitan areas have generally grown faster than the others.
Definition
Larger
Term
Between 1995 and 2000, metropolitan areas experienced a domestic out-migration of how many people?
Definition
500,000
Term
True or False: Immigration in the 1980s and 1990s was not significant.
Definition
False
Term
Between 1995 and 2000, metropolitan areas received an influx of how many movers from abroad?
Definition
6.8 million
Term
In the late 1990s, how many immigrants went to metropolitan areas with populations of over 5 million?
Definition
Almost half
Term
One recent trend is that large shares of the immigrant population now migrate directly to the ___________.
Definition
Suburbs
Term
True or False: Florida is still a very attractive place to move to.
Definition
False: There has been a statewide loss of magnetism.
Term
Between 2007 and 2008, ____ of Florida's 67 counties showed reduced in-migration or greater out-migration.
Definition
48
Term
The _________ was the only region in the U.S. that had a large amount of urbanization in 1850, since it was basically the launching point of society.
Definition
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