sedimentary geologic unit

non-sedimentary geologic units will typically have the rock name in its map name

geologic contacts - are boundaries between geologic units or formations, think black lines separating colors

topographic contours connect points of the same elevation, gray/brown

parallel  = horizontal geologic units

crossing = tilted geologic units

anticline - reverse U-shape, upfolds, youngest rocks on the outside

syncline - regluar U shape, downfolds, youngest rocks in the middle

dip - angle of incline from the horizontal plane to the inclined plane, perpindicular to strike and contacts, dip direction points to younger rocks

strike - compass bearing of a line formed by the intersection of the horizontal plane and incline plane, parallels contacts

Domes - upwarp of rock layers

Basin - downwarp of rock layers

both are circular, strikes follow the circular contacts, dips point to the younger formations

amount of energy released by an earthquake, a quantative measurement

estimated by measuring the amplitude of the largest shear wave from seismograms

Richter scale is logarithmic.

focus - initial rupture point of an earthquake below the surface

epicenter - point on the earth's surface directly above the focus

P waves - Body waves, compressional, move the fastest and through materials

S waves - body waves, shear, move slower and not through liquid

R and L waves - surface, side-to-side rolling motion, move the slowest

calculate time lag between s and p waves, calculate difference too

use difference and compass to draw circles, overlap should come to a perfect point, NO TRIANGLES

transform - strike-slip movements, shallow focus, offsets features of land

Divergent - rifting of the earth's crust to tensional forces produced by upwelling magma, has shallow focus

Convergent - 3 types: ocean-ocean - shallow to deep focus, volcanic island chains

ocean-continent - linear mountain ranges on land,  shallow to deep focus

continent-continent - wide mountain belts, thrust faults, shallow to deep focus