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Geo test 3
test
260
Geology
Undergraduate 1
03/19/2007

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Cards

Term
is it reasonable to say that mass wasting takes place before weathering
Definition
N
Term
unweathered material cannot partake in mass wasting
Definition
F
Term
Thick soils are an indication of
Definition
fast weathering
Term
pure limestone
Definition
produces only suluble salts
Term
granite weathers slower in the tropics
Definition
F
Term
which tombstone would last the shortest?
Definition
slate
Term
the fastest weathering takes place when it is
Definition
hot and wet
Term
as weathering and soil thickness develop over time
Definition
both processes tend to increase
Term
plants contribute to
Definition
both processes
Term
vegetation density is a factor in weathering rates
Definition
T
Term
granite has a smaller solubility than limestone
Definition
T
Term
the loss of inscriptions over time on gravestones is from physical weathering
Definition
F
Term
soil formation tends to
Definition
speed up... once some soil is established in a particular area
Term
soils are formed dominatly by chemical weathering
Definition
T
Term
dry deserts have faster weathing than temperate damp locations
Definition
F
Term
the weatering product of feldspar is
Definition
kaolinite.potassium ions. kaolinite and silica
Term
rock rind is something that has to be removed before weathering can start
Definition
F
Term
the greater the number of fractures in a rock, the
Definition
faster the rate of weathering
Term
warm dry deserts have faster weathering than cold dry locations
Definition
F
Term
the acid part of carbonic acid is
Definition
the hydrogen ion
Term
when we talk of acid rain as a problem we refer to nitric and or sulfuric acid
Definition
T
Term
when global weathering suddenly increases the resultant effect on atmosphereic carbon dioxide is a
Definition
lowering
Term
if you chop a cube in half in three directions you raise surface area by
Definition
x2
Term
microorganisms in the soil tend to make the soil somewhat
Definition
acid
Term
all rain is slightly acid
Definition
T
Term
the breakdown of feldspar to kaolinite and other salts is called
Definition
hydrolysis
Term
carbon dioxide ranks in atmosphere abundance as
Definition
4
Term
is it possible that rainwater can actually increase in acidity as it percolates downward
Definition
T
Term
in general high temperature silicates tend to weather
Definition
faster
Term
calcite and halite solubility is
Definition
high
Term
clay is an ultimate weathering product that do not breakdown any further
Definition
T
Term
gibbsite and hematite are
Definition
silicates
Term
the red color of monument valley rocks would suggest that their past has involved
Definition
oxidation
Term
all silicates form clay minerals
Definition
F
Term
the oxidized state of Fe is
Definition
ferric
Term
halite would undergo
Definition
dissolution
Term
the type of iron in a red bed is
Definition
ferric
Term
limestone would have a higher weathering rate than basalt
Definition
T
Term
quartz has a lower solubility than most other minerals
Definition
T
Term
sets of joints in rocks are
Definition
caused by stresses while they were buried
Term
in general, an igneous rock with high temp. minerals will tend to weather faster than one with low tem. minerals
Definition
T
Term
a tree root is not considered part of a weathering processs
Definition
F
Term
amphiboles are more prone to weathering than pyroxenes
Definition
F
Term
forst wedging cannot break large rocks
Definition
F
Term
when water freezes, it expands by
Definition
9%
Term
exfoliation produces sets of joints parallel to the rock surface
Definition
T
Term
a crystallizing salt crystal is too feeble to partake in mechanical weathering
Definition
F
Term
joint enlargement through spheroidal weathering is a
Definition
mechanical process
Term
the topmost soil horizon is the
Definition
O
Term
alfisols and entisols are differentiated
Definition
by soil profile
Term
salt depletion takes place in the horizon lettered as
Definition
A
Term
salt addition and soil clogging takes place in the horizon lettered as
Definition
B
Term
remnants of resh rock are found in the horizon lettered as
Definition
C
Term
the most important part of the soil to a gardener would be the humus
Definition
T
Term
to a geologist, the humus is the soil
Definition
F
Term
the soil of an engineer and the soil of a geologist are different
Definition
T
Term
the dust of the mon should be called soil rather than regolith
Definition
F
Term
the prime influence in all mass movement is
Definition
gravity
Term
was rainfall a factor in the laguna beach 2005 slides
Definition
Y
Term
THE DEATHS ON THE FLANKS OF CASITA VOLCANO WERE ASSOCIATED WITH
Definition
hurricane
Term
the angle of repose is the
Definition
angle of slip plane in a traslational landslide
Term
moist sand has a higher angle of repose than dry sand
Definition
T
Term
wet sand has a higher angle of repose than dry sand
Definition
F
Term
volcanic cinder cone slopes tend to be at the angle of repose
Definition
T
Term
surface tension strengthens soil the best when soil is
Definition
damp
Term
surface tension pushes grains of sand apart
Definition
F
Term
drying a hillside can
Definition
reduce risk for landslides
Term
stronger rocks tend to fragment in
Definition
larger fragments than weaker rocks
Term
liquefaction at turnagain heights took place at
Definition
the subsurface
Term
liquefaction results from
Definition
raised hydrostatic pressure
Term
rocks are
Definition
more stable when lithostatic pressure is higher than hydro pressure
Term
liquefaction involves a layer of sediment
Definition
becoming more compacted during an earthquake
Term
creep is found primarily in
Definition
unconsolidated rocks
Term
earthflows are
Definition
dryer than debris flows
Term
joints are often a factor in rock falls
Definition
T
Term
a rock fall is considered to take place in consolidated rocks
Definition
T
Term
failure of an exfoliated slab of granite would be considered
Definition
rockslide
Term
rock avalanches are usually dry phenomena
Definition
T
Term
the book considered slumps as phenomena in
Definition
unconsolidated rocks
Term
it is safer to build on slopes where the bedding dip parallels the slope of the hillside than on slopes where the dip is 90 degrees in the opposite direction
Definition
F
Term
fenceposts lean uphill due to creep
Definition
T
Term
the outward force is greater on the base of a cliff than the top of the cliff during a rotational failure
Definition
T
Term
a rotational landslide is a slump
Definition
T
Term
the gros ventre slide was translated along bedding
Definition
T
Term
slip planes in rock slides can be joints, faults, bedding or foliation
Definition
T
Term
the velocity of the huascaran debris avalance exceeded 400 km.hr
Definition
F
Term
angular debis at the foot of a slope is called talus
Definition
T
Term
the viaont dam disaster was caued by
Definition
all of the above
Term
rock avalances sometimes have high pressure air lubrication
Definition
T
Term
between 1950 and 1990 US water use
Definition
much more than tripled
Term
between 1950 and 1990 US per capita water use
Definition
decreased
Term
the dominant currently useable freshwater source is
Definition
lakes
Term
the dominant currently useable freshwater source is
Definition
lakes
Term
there is
Definition
more than 1 billion cu km of water in the oceans
Term
world runoff in cu km.year is
Definition
36000
Term
runoff consists of about
Definition
less than 10% of the hydrologic cycle throughput
Term
sublimation is associated with
Definition
ice
Term
there is more water in the biosphere than in the atmosphere
Definition
F
Term
the amount of water returning to the sea every year, when combined with teh evapotranspiration from land, always equals the precipitation onto the land
Definition
F
Term
the rain shadow is the area underneath the largest clouds
Definition
F
Term
reservoir extraction for agricultural use is
Definition
43%
Term
when air sinks it
Definition
warms
Term
the sahara is
Definition
expanding
Term
the highest precipitation in the west is
Definition
western washington
Term
california has lost
Definition
90% of its wetlands
Term
since 2000, government and courts have tended to
Definition
increase
Term
porosity is defined only as the amount of space between grains
Definition
F
Term
would a cave in limestone count toward vuggy porosity
Definition
Y
Term
vadose zones contain air
Definition
T
Term
the water table sits at the top of the
Definition
saturated zone
Term
clay would be considered an aquiclude
Definition
T
Term
a stream that flows well into the dry season is probably
Definition
effluent
Term
a stream that recharges the groundwater is
Definition
influent
Term
an aquiclude
Definition
always overlies a confined aquifer
Term
confined aqufers can be more easily polluted by non-point source pollution than unconfined aquifers
Definition
F
Term
a confined aquifer is one that water cannot enter
Definition
F
Term
artesian flows are normally found in
Definition
confined aquifers
Term
perched water tables can be surrounded by unsaturated rocks
Definition
T
Term
a cone of depression results from
Definition
well pumping
Term
groundwater withdrawal can result in ground subsidence
Definition
T
Term
salt water floats on top of fresh water in coastal areas
Definition
F
Term
if sea level rises, so will sea water intrusion
Definition
F
Term
K in the darcy formula is
Definition
permeability
Term
water flow is as much influenced by permeability as hydraulic gradient
Definition
F
Term
the famous french hydrologist was
Definition
darcy
Term
typical ground water flows in gravel at
Definition
15 cm.day
Term
irrigation withdrawals from groundwater were at an alltime high in the 1990s
Definition
F
Term
the great aquifer being depleted in texas is the
Definition
ogallala
Term
in california groundwater supplies are
Definition
significantly depleted
Term
groundwater cannot erode rock
Definition
F
Term
stalactites are on teh
Definition
roof
Term
karst terrain is
Definition
lacking surface water
Term
which is associated with industrial cleaners
Definition
TCE
Term
which is associated with blue baby syndrome
Definition
nitrate
Term
if water contains 150 ppm dissolved material, it would be considered to be of good quality
Definition
T
Term
meteoric water comes from meteors
Definition
F
Term
hard water by definition tastes bad
Definition
F
Term
there is no useful fresh water in the rocks at 8 km depth
Definition
T
Term
rivers annually carry 16 billion tons of
Definition
solid material
Term
human activity has resulted in river sediment loads
Definition
nearly doubling
Term
river valleys are those portions of the floodplain that are sometimes wet with river flow
Definition
F
Term
evidence of meandering stream challens are seen on other planetsq
Definition
T
Term
meanders are found in the flatter lower parts of rivers rather than headwaters
Definition
T
Term
point bars are locatied on the
Definition
inside of river bends
Term
an incised meander
Definition
still lies ona flood plain
Term
to have an oxbow lake you must have a cutoff
Definition
T
Term
floodplains define all of the sides of a river valley
Definition
F
Term
braided streams suggest
Definition
the channel is saturated in sediment
Term
the mississippi was shortened by the corps of engineers
Definition
T
Term
the natural levees are higher than the natural floodplain
Definition
T
Term
so called natural levees are the ones constructed by native americans
Definition
F
Term
natural levees develop as flood water slow down as they spill from a channel
Definition
T
Term
the next highest flood disaster to katrina was
Definition
around st. louis
Term
divides separate drainage basins
Definition
T
Term
a stream system developed in unjonted, uniform rock is likely to be
Definition
dendritic
Term
in the appalachian fold belt you get
Definition
dendritic
Term
from our discussion of san luis creek at the irish hills, would you describe the river as being
Definition
superposed
Term
from our discussion of the colorad at the grand canyon, would you describe the river as being antecendent
Definition
T
Term
can a drainage basin also be called a watershed
Definition
Y
Term
headward erosion makes a river
Definition
longer
Term
to get a pothole you must have turbulent flow
Definition
F
Term
river flow is mainly
Definition
turbulent
Term
flowing water can sometimes show laminar flow
Definition
T
Term
muddy water is
Definition
more viscous
Term
colder water is
Definition
more viscous
Term
suspended load slides rather than rolls along the stream bed
Definition
F
Term
the amount of sediment a river can carry is the
Definition
capacity
Term
it can take a higher flow velocity to erode a clay than to erode a sand
Definition
T
Term
sediments will be eroded from a bed at a lower flow velocity than the velocity at which the sediment was first deposited on the bed
Definition
F
Term
clays have a
Definition
high electric charge to mass ratio compared to sands
Term
dunes are essentially large ripples
Definition
T
Term
ripples move
Definition
faster than dunes
Term
when river velocity increase to high levels
Definition
dune sizes increase and then get smoothed out to a flat bed
Term
the mississippi delta contains many
Definition
distributaries of the mississippi
Term
the most seaward part of a delta is composed of
Definition
bottomset beds
Term
over time, an individual sediment grain within a delta tends to
Definition
fall in elevation relative to sea level
Term
discharge refers to
Definition
water flow rate
Term
to measure discharge you only need to know whater velocity and not the depth of the river
Definition
F
Term
the 10 year flood doesnt happeen every 10 years
Definition
T
Term
the 20 year storm has a
Definition
20% chance of happening each year
Term
the longitudinal profile
Definition
lies above base level
Term
a river is described as graded when it is
Definition
eroding downstream
Term
a river
Definition
cannot cut below base level
Term
river bed slopes are greatest
Definition
closest to the base level location
Term
if a river ponds behind a dam, and the water flows over the dam, the effect on the river bottom below the dam and downstream of the immediate point of impact of the water is to
Definition
erode
Term
alluvial fans are associated with a fast decelleration in water velocity
Definition
T
Term
headward erosion takes place due to faster water velocities at the head
Definition
T
Term
terraces are remnants of abandoned longitudinal profiles
Definition
F
Term
the river that gave its name to deltas is
Definition
Nile
Term
the platte river appears to be a graded stream
Definition
T
Term
if base level changes, a change in the river bed
Definition
works its way upstream
Term
the fist scientific oceanographic expendition was
Definition
british
Term
the number of oceans is
Definition
5
Term
ocean salinity and composition throughout the world ocean is
Definition
about the same
Term
the oldest sea floor is about
Definition
180 ma
Term
a typical locally generated ocean wave is smaller in wave length than a swell
Definition
T
Term
wave height for a wave is twice the wave height that would be defined by a physicist
Definition
T
Term
the time period between successive waves is called the wavelength
Definition
F
Term
swells travel further than most waves
Definition
T
Term
all waves move at the same velocity in the open ocean
Definition
F
Term
water motion for molecules in a wave is
Definition
forward on the crest
Term
wave base is
Definition
50%
Term
in the deep ocean water is transported in a current in the direction of wave motion
Definition
F
Term
wave refraction takes place when one part of a wave is in shallower water than another part
Definition
T
Term
in the surf zone waves actually transport water molecules toward the beach
Definition
T
Term
backwash is the opposite of forewash
Definition
F
Term
waves focus on
Definition
headlands
Term
longshore drift refers to
Definition
sand movement
Term
longshore currents are strongest when the waves and wind come straight into the beach at right angles
Definition
T
Term
the moon's tidal force is weakest for the planet under one of the two high tide locations
Definition
F
Term
the sun gives a weaker tide than the moon
Definition
T
Term
water physically moves onto the beach face when waves break, piling up head that drives currents
Definition
T
Term
spring tides occur
Definition
twice monthly
Term
neap tides occur
Definition
twice monthly
Term
tidal heights are highly variable around the world
Definition
T
Term
tidal surges are caused by
Definition
storms
Term
the daily high tide is called a tidal surge
Definition
F
Term
flood is the opposite of ebb in tidal terminology
Definition
T
Term
when the moon is on the far side of the earth from the sun you get neap tides
Definition
F
Term
summer profile beaches formed in times of small waves are wider than winter profile beaches
Definition
T
Term
off shore sand bars oceanward of the surf are larger on winter profile beaches
Definition
T
Term
putting up a groin to save a beach will always be at another beach's expense
Definition
T
Term
katrina had the
Definition
highest surge ever recorded
Term
katrina originated
Definition
off the west african coast
Term
katrina was the strongest hurrcane to hit the US
Definition
F
Term
rain
Definition
releases to the air's thermal energy
Term
northern hemisphere hurricanes are
Definition
never have clockwise spins
Term
the highest hurrcane scale humber is
Definition
5
Term
beach types can depend on the erodability of the bluffs
Definition
T
Term
morro bay has a more stable sand budget than orange county
Definition
T
Term
wave cut terraces are
Definition
erosional
Term
cape cod is
Definition
very unstable
Term
a spit is generally smaller than a barrier island
Definition
T
Term
barrier islands are formed because of longshore drift
Definition
T
Term
barrier islands are formed because of longshore drift
Definition
T
Term
chesapeake bay was once a river valley
Definition
T
Term
sea level is constantly getting lower, as witness the coastal terraces at cyucus and pismo beach
Definition
F
Term
sea level is
Definition
rising
Term
the east coast of the US in an
Definition
passive margin
Term
the west coast of the US in an
Definition
neither
Term
the continental shelf is formed from rocks that once originated at an ocean ridge
Definition
F
Term
turbidity currents are essentially underwater landslides
Definition
T
Term
turbidities comes form turbidity currents
Definition
T
Term
can gas hydrates cause landslides
Definition
Y
Term
turbidities are common on the
Definition
continental shelf
Term
submarine fans occur oceanward of the continental slope
Definition
T
Term
submarine canyons can be cut by turbility currents
Definition
T
Term
all submarine canyons are cut by turbidity currents and never by rivers
Definition
F
Term
beyond the continental rise as you go offshore is the continental slope
Definition
F
Term
the entire continental slope is exposed in an ice age
Definition
F
Term
an ROV carries a crew
Definition
F
Term
you can measure the elevation of the sea floor from the height of the ocean surface
Definition
T
Term
seamounts usually are volcanic
Definition
T
Term
a guyot once protruded above the sea surface
Definition
T
Term
the bottoms of axial rift valleys are not as deep as trenches
Definition
T
Term
basaltic plateaus are found in the oceans
Definition
T
Term
calcareous oozes are found only below the CCD
Definition
F
Term
diatoms and roadiolaria are
Definition
silicic
Term
foraminifera and coccoliths are
Definition
calcareous
Term
mangenese nodules are found on
Definition
the deep ocean plains
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