Term
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Definition
“The increasing interconnectedness
of people & places through the
converging processes of economic,
political, & cultural change.” |
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Term
| attributes of globalization |
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Definition
| global communication, transportation systems,Containerization,Transnational Corporate Strategies,International Financial Institutions, increase in the private sector of business, migration,Homogeneous global consumer culture |
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Term
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Definition
• Geopolitics – end of Cold War opened
up countries to trade and exchange
• Environmental – Disruption of
ecosystems. Air, water pollution,
deforestation
• Migration – Changes the demographic
structure of countries
• Rise in criminal activities – terrorism,
drugs, human trafficking, gambling
and prostitution |
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Term
| MNC’s or multinational corporations |
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Definition
| a corparation enterprise that managwes production or delivers services in more than one country |
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Term
| international financial institutions |
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Definition
| finacial corparations that have been established in more than one country |
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Term
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Definition
are people that are working outside of
their home country |
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Term
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Definition
are professionals sent abroad by their
companies |
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Term
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Definition
| movement of materials in massive metal containers |
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Term
| causes of migration (push & pull factors) |
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Definition
favorable conditions at a
destination that compel people to move there
negative conditions that repel
people from a location |
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Term
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Definition
Politics: Demise of the Soviet Union and end
of the Cold War has created relative political
stability
• Economics: Collapse of Communism left
free-market capitalism as the only logical way
Global Growth – The Causes
to run an economy
– New Countries Entered the “Game”
• Technology: Communication and the
information revolution
– Information more accessible |
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Term
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Definition
Increases economic efficiency and
enhances competition
– Wealth will have a trickle down effect
• Flow of capital from developed countries to
developing countries
– Spread of new technology and ideas |
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Term
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Definition
– Creates greater inequities between the
“haves” and the “have nots”
• Rich get richer, poor get poorer
– Free market policies promote export
orientated economies which can damage
localized, sustainable economies
– Transnational companies disrupt local
environments in their search for natural
resources
– Spreads undesirable things farther and faster
(diseases, crime, harmful flora and fauna)
– Erodes cultural identity |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
A region is a classificatory concept designed
to represent physical, cultural, social and
economic characteristics for given portions of
the earth’s surface |
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Term
|
Definition
political forces that act to
weaken or divide an existing state |
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Term
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Definition
forces that promote political
unity & reinforce state structure |
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Term
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Definition
active promotion of
one’s cultural system over another |
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Term
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Definition
the process of
protecting & defending a certain cultural system
against dilution or offensive cultural expression
while at the same time actively promoting the
indigenous culture |
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Term
| cultural syncretism or hybridization |
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Definition
the
blending of forces to form a new culture |
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Term
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Definition
is learned behavior, held in
common by a group of people, "A way of life" |
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Term
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Definition
attempts to appeal to all
people
– Christianity, Islam and
Buddhism
– Actively seeks new members |
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Term
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Definition
identified
closely with a specific
ethnic group; does not
actively seek converts
– Judaism and Hinduism |
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Term
|
Definition
either
non-religious or atheistic
– 1.1 billion worldwide |
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Term
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Definition
formal establishment of rule over a
foreign population |
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Term
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Definition
process of a colony gaining control
over its territory & establishing a separate independent
government |
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Term
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Definition
economic & political strategies by
which powerful states indirectly extend influence over
weaker states |
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Term
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Definition
| Annual growth of the GNI or GDP over 5 years |
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Term
| HDI or human development index |
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Definition
combines data
on life expectancy, literacy, educational attainment,
gender equity and income |
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Term
| GNI gross national income |
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Definition
| GDP + net income from abroad |
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Term
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Definition
obtained by dividing the GNI by a
country’s population |
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Term
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Definition
Value of all final goods and services in a country
• Used to gauge the health of government’s economy |
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Term
| PPP purchasing power parity, and an example |
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Definition
Adjustment that takes into account the strength or
weakness of local currency, Big Mac Index is an example |
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Term
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Definition
a distinctiveness associated with a
specific language |
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Term
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Definition
a third language that is
adopted by people from different cultural groups
who cannot speak each other’s language |
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Term
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Definition
a first-order grouping of
languages into large units based on common
ancestral speech |
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Term
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Definition
or groups (subfamilies) –
include similar sounds, words, grammar |
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Term
| RNI or rate of natural increase |
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Definition
annual growth
rate for a country or region as a percentage |
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Term
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Definition
makeshift
housing, illegal
developments |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| shows distribution of the ages of people in the population |
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Term
| TFR or total fertility rate |
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Definition
the average number of
children born by a statistically average woman |
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Term
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Definition
Average length of life
expected at the birth of a typical male or female
in a specific country |
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Term
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Definition
Under age 5 mortality – measure of the
number of children who die per 1,000 persons |
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Term
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Definition
ratio of male and female students in
primary and secondary school |
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Term
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Definition
| firms in more than one country |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
percentage of a
country’s people who live in cities |
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Term
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Definition
is used to describe the close link
between geography & political activity |
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Term
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Definition
a relatively homogenous
cultural group with its own fully
independent political territory |
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Term
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Definition
refers to a large group of people
who share numerous cultural elements
such as language, religion, tradition and
identity |
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Term
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Definition
Political entity recognized by other
countries |
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Term
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Definition
| population lives on less than $2 a day |
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Term
| LDC’s or less-developed-countries |
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Definition
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Term
| MDC’s more-developed-countries |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Development-qualitative and
quantitative measures indicating
structural changes
Growth – increase in the size of system
• Quantity of goods or services
produced |
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Term
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Definition
| PPP using cheesburgers to illistrate the point. |
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Term
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Definition
• Reduce trade barriers & enforces trade rules
• Formalizes and mediates trade disputes |
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Term
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Definition
• Makes loans to developing countries for
infrastructure, etc.
• Reduce poverty and promote FDI |
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Term
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Definition
• Offers short-term loans & promotes free trade
• Oversees and stabilizes exchange rates |
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Term
| human dependence on the environment |
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Definition
– Resource of food supply
– An energy source
– Source of recreation
– Source of medicines
– Natural resources for industrial products |
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Term
| human interaction with nature |
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Definition
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Term
| climatic controls: 5 main factors |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Burning of fossil fuels releases
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
• Release of CFC’s from air
conditioning, aerosol sprays
• Methane production by burning
vegetation – deforestation
processes
• Nitrous Oxide N2O results from
the use of chemical fertilizers |
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Term
| effects of global warming |
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Definition
Global temperature raise by 2-4 °F by 2030
– Shifts in agriculture areas
– Decrease in grain production
– Increase in sea levels (expansion of oceans
Polar ice caps will melt
– Rise in extreme weather |
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Term
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Definition
Globalization of timber industry
• ½ of all Tropic timber destined for
Japan
– Clearing of forests for cattle
• Worldwide demand for beef
– Settlement areas for growing
populations |
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Term
| causes of desertification |
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Definition
• Overgrazing
• Poor cropping practices
• Salts in soil from irrigation |
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Term
| world’s largest polluters |
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Definition
| china US Russia India Japan Germany |
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Term
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Definition
short-term, day-to-day, even
hourly expression (hot, rainy, etc.) |
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Term
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Definition
long-term view of a climate region
(need 30 years of statistical data) |
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Term
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Definition
Materials from human activities; humancaused
pollution in the lower atmosphere |
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Term
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Definition
a spatial unit or region of local
plant and animals adapted to a specific
environment |
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Term
|
Definition
term used to describe a grouping
of flora and fauna into a large ecological
region |
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Term
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Definition
boundaries drawn around
areas with similar average climate
conditions |
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Term
| climate classification system |
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Definition
| Köppen climate classification |
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Term
|
Definition
provides
information on
average high and
low temperatures
and precipitation
for every month in
a year |
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Term
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Definition
spread of desert-like conditions
into grassland areas
– Causes
• Overgrazing
• Poor cropping practices
• Salts in soil from irrigation |
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Term
|
Definition
Natural
greenhouse
effect makes
the earth
warm enough
to support life |
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Term
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Definition
| movement to try and make things more enviormentally sound |
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Term
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Definition
7% of the World
– Mostly in Equatorial zones
– High average temperatures
– Long days year round
– High amounts of rainfall
Most diverse of all biomes |
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Term
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Definition
| westen term for grassland |
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Term
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Definition
| eastern term for grassland |
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Term
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Definition
large tracts of
forests found in the middle and high
latitudes |
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Term
|
Definition
25% of the world’s farmlands
• Uses large amounts of energy and chemicals
• Relies on irrigation |
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Term
|
Definition
Farming that produces enough crops or
livestock for a family’s survival
• Self-sufficient farming |
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