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| who started cuzco and when |
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| how did the incas farm on mountains |
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| who founded the inca empire and when |
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Raised Fields of the Andes
Extensive in pre-Hispanic times particularly in area of Lake Titicaca |
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| whole inca empire called. separated into |
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Tawantinsuyu, anan - upper community
urin - lower community |
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| city on a lofty saddle. primary function as a observatory that would show equinox |
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| key facts of inca religion |
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| gods of the Inca represent the moon, sun, earth, thunder, lightning and the sea. The Incas worshipped the Earth goddess Pachamama and the sun god, Inti |
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| what was the incas biggest celebration |
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| Inti Raymi, the feast of the sun was the biggest, most important celebration in Inca times. It is still performed every year in September on the spring equinox of the Southern hemisphere. |
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| Pachamama celebrations today |
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| During August many people honor the Mother Earth with offerings of incense, sprinkle yellow confetti around to bless their houses and businesses, and perform special ceremonies |
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| is an Andean symbol. It is the three-stepped cross representing the three tiers of Inca life (the lower world, this world, and the higher world). |
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| younger brother to huayna led inexperienced army against half brother atahualpa. eventually is captured |
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| inca caps who died then sparked civil war |
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| conquistador who had 3 failed campaigns against inca then gets kings permission for one more. 168 men capture altahulpa |
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| inca caps who was captured and promised a large room of gold equivalent to 1 billion dollars |
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| first european settlement of in sa |
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| who collected taxes in 1503, 1524 |
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| Casa de Contratacion.Council of the Indies |
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| Territories broken into 4 Viceroyalties |
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New Spain (1521)
Peru (1542)
New Granada (1717)
Rio de la Plata (1776) |
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| Spanish-born but residing in the colonies |
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| (creoles): Spanish descent but born in colonies |
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| criollo and mestizo parents |
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| : indigenous and mestizo parents |
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| indigenous and negro parents |
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Order created by Saint Dominic 13th century
Focus on spiritual dedication, education and preaching to the masses
Notables include Thomas Aquinas and Bartolome de las Casas |
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Order created by Saint Francis of Assisi 13th century
Vow of poverty |
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Order created by St. Ignatius of Loyola in 16th century
Create schools, convert non-Christians, stop spread of Protestantism
Protection of indigenous peoples led to their expulsion in 1767 |
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1500 (?) BC – 200 BC
Known for textiles, pottery, metalwork, domestication of llama
Ritualistic use of hallucinogens such as vilca
Mother culture of Andes |
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100 AD – 800 AD
Known for irrigation
Portrait vases
Metallurgy
Architecture – large adobe pyramids
Decapitator god |
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site inhabited 300 BC – 800 AD
Construction of massive geoglyphs
Removed reddish stones to leave white earth visible below
Some as large as 200m across
One of the most famous and distinctive features of the Nazca culture (approximately A.D. 250–750) is the polychrome pottery, buff or red and painted in three to eight colors. |
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Chimú Capital
Located – Northern Coast of Peru, near Trujillo
14 square miles of rectangular blocks, streets. great walls, reservoirs, and pyramid temples, all built of adobe mud
Largest Pre-Columbian city in SA ~ 30,000 |
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Founds Kingdom of Cuzco ~1200 AD
Declares himself Sapa Inca, divine son of the Sun
Skilled warrior and leader
chief religious leader
Exercised absolute power over his subjects |
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(1438-1471)
Usurped throne form brother Inca Urcon
Considered the founder of the Inca Empire
9th Sapa Inca
Rebuilds capital of Cuzco
Vast military campaign to extend Inca power |
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| Political Philosophy of incas |
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policy of forced resettlement ensured political stability (similar to Romans)
officials collected taxes, enforced laws, kept records on a quipu (collection of knotted colored strings) which noted dates, events, population, crops
use of road system strictly limited to government, military business
all land belonged to Inca, crops allotted to specific groups, government took possession of each harvest
private property forbidden, crime nonexistent, citizens never starved
no written records; oral tradition preserved through generations |
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| how did the inca irrigate |
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Established 1763
Capital moved from Salvador to Rio
Help to administer gold mines of Minas Gerais |
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utch heavily involved in early sugar production-financing/technology
1581 prohibition on trade with Dutch
Dutch invade and establish colony of New Holland
Territory ceded to Portugal in 1661 |
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* Called the “George Washington of South America.”
* Liberated territories of modern day Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, & Bolivia
* Plan for a federated Latin America was crushed by political in-fighting |
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* Criollo officer who had trained in European armies
* Liberated Argentina from Spanish control
* Met with Bolivar in Guayaquil in 1822. While Bolivar favored democracy, San Martin felt only monarchy could work. Turned over command
* Died in obscurity in Europe |
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Kingdom of Chimor 850 AD – 1470 AD
Replaces the Moche Civilization
North coastal zone of Peru
Conquered by Inca in 1470
very good pottery |
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| the want for a unified sa |
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| Nicolás Maduro Moros is a Venezuelan politician who has been President of Venezuela since 2013 hugo successor |
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| where he also became known as "the Liberator" as well as "the Soldier King". |
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| rubber tapper union leader who was assainated |
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