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| The approximate European “hearth” area from which the speakers of a Proto-Germanic tongue spread (circle and label) |
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| The areas in which Celtic languages are still spoken today |
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• Scottish Gaelic
• Erse
• Welsh
• Breton
• Flemish
• (See map on power point language I.) |
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| A country in which the official language is non-indo-European |
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| The one country in east-central Europe in which French remains the most important second language studied by school children |
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| The approximate boundary between western and eastern Christianity |
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| • Vertical line goes through Germany – more on right side |
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| The area from which the gothic style of church architecture spread |
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| The country that has twice voted to remain outside the European union |
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| The two countries that joined the EU in 2007 |
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| The approximate location of the physical and cultural “wedge” that separates the southern group of Slavic speakers from the western and eastern groups |
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• Carpathian mountains
• Horizontal line that goes through Austria, Hungary, and Romania |
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| The country that since 1978 has surrendered a degree of autonomy to each of its 17 regions |
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• Area on the western outskirts of Ireland where the mother tongue is spoken
• They are struggling to preserve |
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• Took after Greek style of building, roofed domed ceiling, columns and pilasters supporting roof with an oculus (hole in ceiling) to let in sunlight in
• Square indentations that add strength
o LOOK UP |
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| RP (received pronunciation) |
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Definition
• How accents sound to foreigners – often hard for foreigners to accept and understand languages spoken by natives
• Speaking properly
• Where? – In the UK |
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• Orthodox brothers who were invited as missionaries into Great Moravia
• Developed a form of written Slavic (Roman and Cyrillic Alphabet)
o Adapted to local speech patterns |
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• Part of the old almohad mosque
• A tower that dominates the city’s skyline
• Moorish tradition/style 700’s-1400’s
• After reconquista it became the bell tower of Seville Cathedral
• Once used to call the faithful to prayer and as an observatory |
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| • Located in Poland, the Ukraine, Russia, Belorussia, & Crimean peninsula (a high concentration of Jews) |
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| Peace of 1918 and national self-determination |
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Definition
• Peace- followed the Great War of 1914-1918, unleashed nationalism and got rid of multi-ethnic empires in eastern and east-central Europe
• National- came from Woodrow Wilson (countries beginning to self -identify)
o May want to look up |
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| • States within a state such as…. |
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• Cross border regions established all over Europe
o WHY? |
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| EEC (Europeans economic community) |
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| The six nations that formed the original core of today’ Europeans union with a treaty signed in Rome in 1958” |
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| EFTA (European free trade association) |
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| • “Group of nations, once known as the “outer 7”, that in response to the rise of the EC organized a customs union and free trade association” |
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| CMEA (council for mutual economic Activity) |
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| • “Soviet sponsored reaction to early efforts to foster economic integration and cooperation in western Europe” |
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| Agreement that sought to “deepen” integration among EEC member nations by seeking common standards for specific economic activities and products across the entire community” |
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| Agreement that established today’s European union, and provided for the continuing “deepening” of cooperation among member nations in a great variety of areas |
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| Agreement between some countries within, as well as some countries outside, the EU to establish common police and border controls” |
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| • “The idea that future “widenings” will feature single entries, rather than the kind of mass accession that occurred in 2004” |
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| • “EU policy supporting the devolution of decision making in many policy areas to the regional or local level” |
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| The idea that each EU member countries may increasingly be inclined to adopt “deepening” measures at their own speed” |
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Term
| The differentiation of Romanic Europe into individual languages and dialects is best described as what? |
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Definition
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| What romance language is thought to stand closest to its Latin origins? |
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Definition
| - Sardinian (answer in book it Italian) |
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| The original European “hearth” area, from which speakers of a Proto-Balto-Slavonic tongue spread, was located? |
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Definition
| - In the Pripet Marshes of eastern Europe |
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Term
| A country that is predominantly Roman Catholic and Slavic speaking is? |
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| The Finnish and Estonian languages are related to one another. To what other European language are they somewhat more distantly related? |
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| The term “language isolate” applies best to which of the following languages? |
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| In the macro-regionalization of Europe based on business air travel presented in class….?(multiple choice) |
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Definition
| - Frankfurt controls much of central Europe, and has extended its reach to include areas formerly controlled by Moscow. |
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| In which of the following countries would you expect Protestantism to dominate over adherents to other forms of Christianity? |
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| Church buildings in Western Europe that feature rounded arches and barrel vaulted ceiling and relatively little exterior decoration are most likely examples of? |
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| St. Peter’s Basilica and Square in Rome is an example of? |
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| A centralized, domed building laid out in the form of a Greek cross (cross inscribed in a square) is a basic feature of? |
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| Romanesque church architecture |
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Term
| The European country whose Jewish population suffered the greatest losses (both in absolute and relative terms) during the Holocaust was? |
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| A term sometimes used to distinguish the form of nationalism that occurred in Eastern Europe from that in the West is? |
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| The most important force in building a Baltic Sea regional identity over the past decade or so is the efforts undertaken by? |
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Term
| In the macro-regionalization of Europe based on business air travel presented in class….(multiple choice) |
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Definition
| - Frankfurt controls much of central Europe, and has extended its reach to include areas formerly controlled by Moscow. |
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Term
| The English language is fundamentally West Germanic in its origins, but is also an amalgam of what other linguistic elements? |
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Definition
• Norse influence
• French loan words
• Celtic residuals |
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| American English is, in many ways, more “conservative” than British English; and is therefore a good example of the periphery vs. heartland relationship that may develop over time with in a language that has spread far from its home. Give an example of how American English demonstrates this relationship: |
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Definition
• Spelling of words (ex. Color vs. colour)
• New meaning for old words (ex. Lumber)
• Conserved words: fall vs. autumn
• Pronunciation: American English=more conservative British English=more clipped |
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| How has language policy in the EU attempted to address Europe’s linguistic diversity? |
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Definition
• Want equality for all – print pamphlets in all languages (then translate to language of wider communication)
• Financial burden because of all the translating required |
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Term
| How did Moscow come to style itself as the “Third Rome”? |
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Definition
• Basic features of Byzantine style
• Combined with Russian adaptation
• Some Italian motifs
• Winters affected building structure (churches are more closed) |
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| The recent rejection of the EU constitution by voters in France and the Netherlands may have been more about how voters feel about the current direction of the EU than it was about the actual provisions of the constitution? What are some of these concerns? (list two) |
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Definition
• Fear of Turkey
• Fear of:
o Anglo-Saxon free market
o Neo-liberal policies
o Job losses due to tax cuts
o Low cost eastern members
o Superstate supremacy over every aspect of life (Didn’t want super states dominating the weaker states)
• Desire to protect old Europe
• Judgment of EU as a whole |
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