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| a model of feeding relationshups among organisms. primary producers form the base of the pyramid; consumers eating one another form the higher level, with the top consumer at the apex |
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| a feeding step within a trophic pyramid |
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| a group of organisms associated by a complex set of feeding relationshups in which the flow of food energy can be followed from primary producers through consumers |
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| the process by which autotrophs bind light energy into the chemical bonds of food with the aid of chlorophyll and other substances. the process uses carbon dioxide and water as raw materials and yelid glucose and oxygen |
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| the synthesis of organic compounds from inorganic compounds using energy stored in inorganic substances such as sulfur. energy is released when these substances are oxidized by certain organisms |
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| the synthesis of organic materials from inorganic substances by photosythesis or chemosysnthesis; expressed in grams of carbon bound into carbohydrate per unit area per unit time |
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| an organism capable of using energy from light or energy-rich chemicals in the environment to produce energy-rich organic compounds; an autotroph |
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| the mass of living material in a given area or volume of habitat |
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| an organism capable of tolerating extreme environmental conditions, especially temperature or ph |
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| an organism that makes its own food by photosysnthesis or chemosynthesis |
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| an organism that derives noursihment from other organism because it is unable to synthesize its own food molecules |
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| an organism at the apex of a trophic pyramid |
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| initial consumer of primary producer. the consumers of autotrophs ; second level |
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| an aspect of the physical environment that affects living organisms, such as light or temperature |
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| a biologically generated aspect of the environment that affects living organisms. biological factors ususally operate in association with purely physical factors |
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| the thin film of lighted water at the top of the world ocean. rarely deeper than 200 meters |
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| the dark ocean below the depth to which light can penetrate |
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| the upper layer of the photic zone in which net photosynthetic gain occurs |
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| the lower part of photic zone, where there is insufficent light for photosynthesis |
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| the rate at which energy-releasing reactions proceed within an organism |
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| an organism incapable of generating and maintaining steady internal temperature from metabolic heat and therefore whose internal body temperature is approximately the same as that of surrounding environment; a cold-blooded organism |
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| an organism capable of generating an regulating metabolic heat to maintain a steady internal temperature. a warm-blooded organism |
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| any needed substance that an organism obtains from its environment except O, CO2 and water |
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| the constant pressure of water around a submerged organism |
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| the diffusion of water from a region of high water concentration to a region of lower water concentration through a semipermable membrane |
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| reffering to a solution having the same concentration of dissolved substances as the solution that surrounds it |
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| referring to a solution having a higher concentration of dissolved substance than the solution that surrounds it |
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| reffering to a solution having a lower concentration of dissolved substance than the solution that surrounds it |
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| the movement of molecules from a region of low concentration to a region of high concentration through a semipermable membrane at the expanse of energy |
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| the zone of open water near shore, over the continental shelf |
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| the zone of open water away from shore, past the continental shelf |
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| the zone of the ocean bottom |
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| the band of coast alternately covered and uncovered by tidal action; intertidal zone |
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| the ocean floor near shore. the inner sublittoral extends from the littoral zone to the depth at which wind waves have no influence. the outer sublittoral extends to the edge of the continental shelf |
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| the ocean between about 200 and 4,000 meters deep |
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| the ocean between about 4,000 and 5,000 meters |
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| the deepest zone of the ocean, below a depth of 5,000 meters |
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