Term
| Are Viral Genomes DNA or RNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| Are viral genomes single stranded or double stranded? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Circular genetic code found in bacterium, often codes for resistance |
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Term
| Is bacterial DNA double stranded or single stranded? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is polycistronic mRNA? |
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Definition
| This is an mRNA sequence that codes for more than one protein |
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Term
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Definition
| A DNA coding sequence that codes for several proteins |
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Term
| About how many base pairs does a diploid human cell contain? |
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Definition
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Term
| Humans code for roughly how many protein genes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the physical characteristics of mitochondrial DNA? |
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Definition
Circular, double-stranded DNA
shares many characteristics with bacteria
medically this is relevant because some antibiotics can affect mitochondrial DNA |
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Term
| What are microsatellites? What is the clinical significance of microsatellites? |
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Definition
Microsatellites (Short sequence repeats, SSRs, Short tandem repeats): are short (1-6bp) repeating sequences in genetic code.
Microsatellites are causative agents in a variety of diseases.
Huntingdons disease, for example, comes from a mutation in the huntintin gene (microsatellite is too long, changing the makeup of the protein) |
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Term
| What is the medical relevance of SINE elements? |
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Definition
| SINE elements have been associated with many illnesses including: some colon cancers, some breast cancers, Hemophillia A, and Acute Intermittant Porphyria |
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Term
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Definition
A pseudogene is a genetic code that has characteristics of a gene (introns etc) but does not code for a protein
Full impact not fully known, but what is know:
they are selected for
modification of pseudogenes can result in disease
some code for RNA (miRNA or long RNA with structural importance. not mRNA) |
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Term
| What is interesting about hemoglobin gene expression? |
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Definition
Hemoglobin genes are differentially expressed dependent on the age of the subject
remember hemoglobin is a tetramer
In the first trimester the tetramer is composed of Hemoglobin Alpha and Hemoglobin Episilon
In the Second trimester (until around 3 months) the tetramer is Hemoglobin Alpha and Gamma
Finally by 6 months and on the tetramer is Hemoglobin Alpha and Beta |
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Term
| What is a multigene family? |
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Definition
| genes (across and within species) that share such similar characteristics as to assume that they arose from a common ancestor |
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Term
| What mechanism is theorized to have caused multigene families? |
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Definition
| L1 line sequence transpositions. The idea is that unequal transfer occurs and then a chromosome has two copies of the same gene (over time this copy could become modified giving rise to different genes) |
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Term
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Definition
| Two genes within the same species that seem to belong in the same gene family |
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Term
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Definition
| Two genes across species that seem to belong in the same family |
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