Term
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Definition
| accumulation of nitrogenous wastes (including urea and creatinine) in the blood |
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Term
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Definition
| accumulation of nitrogenous wastes in the blood to a degree that clinical signs appear |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| diminished production of urine (< 400 ml in 24 hours) |
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Term
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Definition
| (=albuminuria): protein (chiefly albumin) in the urine |
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Term
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Definition
| no production of urine (< 50 ml in 24 hours). Anuria usually means that the "pipes" are blocked or both kidneys are completely non-functional. |
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Term
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Definition
| pain during the act of urination |
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Term
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Definition
| the urethra opens onto the ventral surface, is much more common than epispadias |
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Term
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Definition
| where the urethra opens onto the dorsal surface |
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Term
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Definition
| in which part of the bladder protrudes through the abdominal wall |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| one or both testes remain in the abdominal cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| a surgical procedure in which the testis is placed in the scrotal sac and secured there |
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Term
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Definition
In reference to genital warts
A scraping of the lesion |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the head and foreskin of the penis. |
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Term
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Definition
| a collection of blood in the tunica vaginalis (a pouch of membrane covering the testis) |
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Term
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Definition
| Defective valves in the vein or compression of the vein can cause a dilatation |
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Term
| Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH): |
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Definition
| Enlargement of the prostate due to a benign increase in the number of prostate cells occurs in most men above the age of 60 |
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Term
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Definition
| The bladder may become fibrotic and hypertrophic, with bands of hypertrophied muscle tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| outpouchings of the bladder wall |
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Term
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Definition
| Tumors that arise from germ cells in the testes of males |
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Term
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Definition
| All solid masses in the testis are regarded as malignant and are treated by surgical removal of the testis |
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Term
| Adenocarcinoma of the prostate |
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Definition
| the most common cancer in men and the second most-common cause of cancer-related death in men (after lung cancer |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the bladder |
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Term
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Definition
| is thought in over 90% of cases to be caused by environmental factors (e.g., chemicals, cigarette smoke). Urine containing carcinogens excreted by the kidney is stored in the bladder. |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the kidney, which can include the parenchyma, calyces, or pelvis |
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Term
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Definition
| The so-called “clear cell” type is the most common form of renal cell carcinoma. |
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Term
| Wilms tumor (nephroblastoma) |
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Definition
| usually affects children from ages 2 to 5 and is the most common kidney tumor of childhood. Mutations in the WT1 and WT2 genes account for 10% of cases, but the remaining 90% are sporadic. |
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Term
| Autosomal dominant (adult) polycystic kidney disease (ADPK) |
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Definition
| . The kidneys become greatly enlarged (as much as ten times the normal size) due to formation of numerous cysts. The cysts compress the normal parts of the kidney, destroying them. As the filtration apparatus is destroyed, patients develop hypertension, and chronic renal failure may ensue |
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Term
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Definition
| In about one-third of patients, this disease is associated with brain aneurysms |
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Term
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Definition
| the glomerular filtering apparatus is sufficiently leaky (due to damage) to allow large molecules to pass through into the urine, resulting in proteinuria. |
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Term
| nephrotic syndrome is characterized by... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| he glomerulus is clogged, resulting in decreased filtration |
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Term
| characteristics of the nephritic syndrome |
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Definition
| zotemia, oliguria, hypertension, and hematuria. |
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Term
| IgA nephropathy (also called Berger disease) |
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Definition
| is the most common form of glomerulonephritis in the world and is characterized by deposition of IgA antibodies in the glomerulus. |
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Term
| Nephritic syndrome diseases |
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Definition
| IgA nephropathy (also called Berger disease), Acute glomerulonephritis, Rapidly progressive (crescentic) glomerulonephritis (RPGN) |
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Term
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Definition
| characterized by diffuse proliferation of glomerular cells and the presence of leukocytes. It is caused by immune complexes that contain either endogenous or exogenous antigens |
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Term
| Rapidly progressive (crescentic) glomerulonephritis (RPGN |
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Definition
| characterized by progressive and rapid destruction of the glomeruli, not just inflammation |
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Term
| Nephrotic syndrome diseases |
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Definition
Minimal change disease,
Membranous glomerulopathy,
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs mainly in children (2 to 6 years old) and, indeed, is the most common kidney disease of childhood. It occurs when the epithelial layer of the glomerulus becomes leaky. Large amounts of albumin are lost in the urine, leading to generalized edema. |
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Term
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Definition
| AKA Minimal change disease |
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Term
| Membranous glomerulopathy |
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Definition
| characterized by thickening of the glomerular basement membranes and leakiness of the glomerular capillaries (the latter leading to the nephrotic syndrome). |
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Term
| Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) |
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Definition
| affects only a portion (segment) of each glomerulus, and it is focal in that only some (<50%) of the glomeruli are involved. |
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Term
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Definition
| luble aggregates of certain fibrous proteins (amyloid) are deposited in tissues. |
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Term
| Acute interstitial nephritis |
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Definition
| inflammation of the tissue surrounding the tubules, typified by accumulation of T lymphocytes and eosinophils. This condition is quite common and is most frequently caused by drugs (such as streptomycin). Toxins are another cause |
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