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| 1 single mutant gene that can result in multiple phenotypes |
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| Identify all genes that contribute to certain phenotypes. |
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| When 2 mutants give a wildtype... |
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| Do complement each other and they are separate genes |
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| When 2 mutants do not restore wildtype... |
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| They do Not complement each other and they are on the same gene |
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| No gene interaction, and 2 mutations are on different allels |
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| Interacting genes- absence of both shows an absence of the end product |
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| Recessive Epistasis- mutant of one gene masks the expression |
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| Dominant Epistasis- mutant masks WT |
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| Duplicate Genes- both need to be ressessive for the phenotype |
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| How is constant number of cells mantained? |
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| Mitosis- produces 2 identical cells |
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| Tetrads form (4 chromatids) |
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| where homogous pairs find and bind to each other |
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| Tetrads form and Crossing over occurs, chiasmata are visible |
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Human, 2n=46, n=23
Metaphase1
Chromosome=
Chromatid=
Tetrad= |
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Definition
at Metaphase 1
Chromosome=46
Chromatid=92
Tetrad=23 |
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Human, 2n=46, n=23
Prophase II
Chromosome=
Chromatid=
Tetrad= |
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Prophase II
Chromosome=23
Chromatid=46
Tetrad= 0 |
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Human, 2n=46, n=2
Telophase II
Chromosome=
Chromatid=
Tetrad= |
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Definition
Telophase II
Chromosome=23
Chromatid=23
Tetrad=0 |
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| Characters are determined by discrete units that are inherited intact to the next generation. |
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| Equal Segregation- Aa--> 1/2A +1/2a |
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| discrete heritable unit- remains intact |
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| Form of a gene- each individual has 2 alleles (diploid) |
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| 2 alleles that make up gene pair |
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| G1- how many chromatids per chromosome? |
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| G2- how many chromatids per chromosome? |
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