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| A complete set of genetic instructions for any organism. |
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Definition
- short generation time
- managble numbers of porogeny
- adaptable to lab enviornments
- can be housed and propegated inexpensively
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| inheritance of acquired characteristics |
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Definition
| trait's acquired in one's lifetime become incorporated into one's heredity innformation |
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| all life is composed of cells, cells can only arise from preexisting cells, and the cell is the fundemental unit of structure and functionin living organisms |
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Definition
a unicellular organism with a relatively simple cell structure
nucleus absent
1 to 10um
one circular DNA molecule
small amount of DNA |
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Term
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Definition
compartmentalized cell structure having components bounded by intracellular membranes
may be unicellular or multicellular
nucleus
10 to 100um
DNA is wraped around histones
Large amounts of DNA
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Definition
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| genetic information surrounded by a nuclear envelope |
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Definition
| complex of DNA and histone proteins |
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Definition
| 2 chromosomes that are alike in structure and size and that carry genetic informationfor the same set of heredity characteristic. One is inherited for the male parent and the other from the female parent. |
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Definition
| a cell carrying 2 sets of genetic information |
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Definition
| cells with a single set of chromosomes |
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Definition
the natural ends and tips of a linear chromosomes
stablize the chromosome ends |
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Definition
| the sites where DNA synthesis begins |
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Definition
2 initially identical copies
connected by a centromere
each sister chromatid consists of a single molecule of DNA |
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Definition
| The nuclear membrane is present and chromosomes are relaxed |
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Definition
| Chromosomes condense. Each chromosome possesses two chromotids. The mitotic spindles form. |
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Term
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Definition
| The nuclear membrane disintegrates. Spindle microtubules attach to chromatids. |
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Definition
| Chromosomes line up on the metaphase plate. |
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Definition
| Sister chromatids separate and move towards poles. |
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Definition
| Chromosomes arrive at spindle poles. The nuclear membrane re-forms and the chromosomes relax. |
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Definition
| process in which chromosomes of a eukaryotic cell divide to give rise to haploid reproductive cells |
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Definition
| process in which the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell divides |
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Term
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Definition
- Leptotene -chromosomes contract to become visible
- Zygotene - chromosomes pair up and begin synapsis
- Pachytene -chromosomes become shorter and thicker
- Diplotene -centromeres of the paired chromosomes move apart
- Diakinesis - chromosomes continue to condense
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Term
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Definition
| Homologous pairs line up on the metaphase plate. |
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Definition
| Homologous chromosomes separate and move towards poles |
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Definition
| Chromosomes arrive at spindle poles and the cytoplasm divides |
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Definition
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Definition
Mitosis - chromosome # in newly formed cells are the same as the initial cell, cells are genetically identical
Meiosis - chromosome number in newly formed cells is reduced by half, cells a genetically variable |
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Term
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Definition
| The stage between meiosis I and II, the nuclear membrane re-forms around the chromosomes at each pole, the spindle breaks down, and the chromosomes relax. |
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Definition
| Homologous chromosomes exchange genetic information. |
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Definition
| Creating a new combination of alleles on a chromatid. |
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Definition
- A protein that holds chromatids together
- Established in the S phase
- Broken down during anaphase by separase
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Definition
| production of gametes in a male |
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Definition
- dilpoid cell in the testies
- capable of undergoing meiosis to produce sperm
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Definition
| spermatogonium that has entered Prophase I |
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Definition
| Product of Meiosis I in male animal |
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Definition
- product of meiosisII in spermatogenesis
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Definition
| production of gametes in female animals |
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Definition
| diploid cell in the ovary, capable of undergoing meiosis to produce and egg cell |
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Definition
| oogonia that has entered prophase I |
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Definition
| one of the products of meiosis I in female animals, receives most of the cytoplasm |
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Definition
| smaller female cells that contains only a small amount of cytoplasm and disintegrates |
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| product of meiosis II, the mature female gamete |
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Definition
diploid reproductive cell in the stamen of a plant
undergoes meiosis to produce 4 haploid microspores |
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Definition
| haploid process of meiosis in plants |
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Definition
| in the ovary of a plant, a diploid reproductive cell that undergoes meiosisto produce haploid megaspores |
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Definition
| one of the four products of meiosis in a plants |
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