Term
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Definition
| when an individual has a gene that makes him or her more likely to have a certain trait (especially a disorder) |
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Term
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Definition
| Father of Genetics, discovered inheritance of genes and dominant alleles |
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Term
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Definition
| the chance something will happen |
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Term
| Mendel's laws of heredity |
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Definition
| Law of Dominance = dominant and recessive alleles, Law of Segregation = gametes are haploid, Law of Independent Assortment = genes randomly assigned to gametes |
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Term
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Definition
| allele combination, example = AA, Aa, or aa |
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Term
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Definition
| observable traits of an organism |
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Term
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Definition
| a segment of DNA that codes for a particular protein |
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Term
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Definition
| genotype with like alleles |
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Term
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Definition
| genotype with unlike alleles |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| when present, the allele that is expressed in the phenotype |
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Term
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Definition
| when present in a heterozygous organism, it is the trait that is not expressed |
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Term
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Definition
| when alleles blend to form a third phenotype |
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Term
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Definition
| when both alleles in a genotype are expressed at the same time |
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Term
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Definition
| an allele that is found on a sex chromosome (X or Y chromosome) |
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Term
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Definition
| a chart that depicts the inheritance of a genetic trait in a family |
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Term
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Definition
| Punnett square depicting possible genotypes of two traits in offspring |
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Term
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Definition
| a method for showing the potential the results of genetic crosses |
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Term
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Definition
| Punnett square depicting possible genotypes of one trait in offspring |
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Term
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Definition
| a condition that results from a defective gene or chromosome |
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Term
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Definition
| condition exhibitting by individuals with three copies of chromosome 21 |
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Term
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Definition
| a picture of all the homologous chromosomes in a cell |
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Term
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Definition
| having three copies of a chromosome (instead of two) |
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Term
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Definition
| process of making new proteins in the ribosome |
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Term
| genetic variation or diversity |
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Definition
| the variety of alleles present in a population |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Crossing over during Prophase I of meiosis where homologous chromosomes swap DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| loss of a single base or segment of DNA; will render a gene useless |
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Term
| addition or insertion mutation |
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Definition
| gain of a single base of segment of DNA; will render a gene useless |
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Term
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Definition
| a single base of DNA is incorrectly replicated as a different base; will change one amino acid |
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Term
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Definition
| a mutation to a gene that makes the protein more functional than before |
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Term
| detrimental or deleterious mutation |
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Definition
| a mutation to a gene that makes the protein less functional than before |
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