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| (2n) characteristic number of chromosomes |
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| chromosomes in diploid cells exist in these pairs. identical in size and location of the centromere |
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| number in cell when they have only one chromosome from each chromosome pair |
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| chromosome theory of inheritance |
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| inherited traits are controlled by genes residing on chromosomes faithfully transmitted through gametes, maintaining genetic continuity from generation to generation |
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| alternative form of a gene |
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| complete haploid content of DNA specific to that organism |
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| use of modified organisms or their products |
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| vehicles for transmitting genetic information |
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| genetic material unfolded and uncoiled |
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| period of chromosome movement |
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| period of chromosome configuration following migration |
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| chromatids of each chromosome disjoin from each other |
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| chromosomes coil up and condense; centrioles divide and move apart |
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| early in meiosis homologous chromosomes form pairs in a process called... |
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| first division in meiosis I, where the number of centromeres, each representing one chromosome, is reduced by one half |
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| sister chromatids joined at a common centromere (after meiosis I) |
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| second division during meiosis II (the number of centromeres remains equal) |
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| divided into leptonema, zygonema, pachnema, diplonema, diakinesis |
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| interphase chromatin material begins to condense and chromosomes become visable. homology search begins |
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| chromosomes shorten and thicken, rough pairing occurs, synaptonemal complex begins to form, paired homologs referred to as homologs (n # of homologs) |
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| chromosomes coil and shorten, synapsis occurs, each homolog (or bivalant) is now evident as a double structure termed a tetrad, crossing over occurs |
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| within each tetrad, each pair of sister chromatids begins to separate--chiasmata remain in contact |
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| a point where nonsister chromatids have undergone genetic exchange through crossing over |
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| chromosomes pull further apart, nonsister chromatids remain loosely associated at chiasmata until terminalization. nucleolus and nuclear envelope break down, spindle fibers attach to centromeres. At end, lined up at metaphase plate of cell |
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Definition
| as chromosome separation proceeds, chiasmata move toward the ends of the tetrad |
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