Term
| to study the inheritance of chromosomes in mitosis or meiosis we do this.... |
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Definition
| identify genetic variants defective in this inheritance |
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Definition
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Term
| Almost all eukaryotes have diploid ____and haploid _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Chromosomal Abnormalities |
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Definition
diffrent from normal number of chromosome ot normal arrangement of genes on chromosome |
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Term
| what are som causes of chromosomal abnormalities? |
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Definition
Labratory-drugs that interfere with miotic spindle X-ray- change gene order |
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Term
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Definition
| The ratio of a givin autosomal gene to other genes in the genome |
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Term
| In a normal diploid how amny copies of each gene should it contain?And what would the gene balance ratio be? |
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Definition
| two copies of each gene GB=1:1 |
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Term
| If a dipoid has 1 extra copy ofa gene what is the GB? |
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Definition
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Term
| If Dipolid is missign a 1 copy of a gene what would the gene balance be? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
an individual with more or fewer sets of chromosomes than normal |
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Term
how many extra/fewer sets of chromosomes than normal do : 1N 3N 4N Have?and what are there names? |
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Definition
1N = monoploid, has one fewer sets 3n= triploid, has one extra set 4N= tetraploid, has two extra sets |
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Term
| How does Abberrant Euploid affect gene balance? |
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Definition
| Abberrant Euploid does not affect gene balance |
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Term
In an germline phenotype with an even number of aberrant euploid the phenotype is; steril or fertil? |
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Definition
fertil even number of AE are fertile and odd number of AE are steril |
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Term
how would you practically explain some one using aberrant eupolidy on a bannana plant? |
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Definition
| To make the bannanas bigger or smaller, when one increses the # of chromosome SETS the plant is bigger, vise versa when you decrease the set of chromosome you get a smaller plant. |
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Term
would progeny of a cross between a diploid and a tetrapoid itself be fertile? a)NO B)only when crossed to another such progeny C)onle when crossed to diploid d)only when crossed to a tetrapoid E)yes |
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Definition
A) no because dipolid has two sets and tri ploid has three sets. they would divide unevenly |
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Term
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Definition
| individual with more or fewer single chromosomes than normal. |
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Term
| What is genebalance of a TRISOME? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| image of the entire set of chromosomes of an individual when they are condensed in metaphase |
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Term
| A balanced change in gene order often effects what? |
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Definition
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Term
| In regards to fertility; recipricol traslocation causes what effect? |
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Definition
| Half are steril because gb not = 1 but of teh fertil gamets half contain translocation chromosomes. |
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Term
In regardes to sterility what effect dose inversion have? |
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Definition
| all gametes have a gb not= to one so they are all steril |
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Term
| Name three chromosomal abnomalities that cause spontaneous abortions. |
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Definition
trisomy XO triploidy tetrapoidy other CA |
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Term
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Definition
two breaks in the chromosome that are upside down. |
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Term
| what are the three autosomal trisomies that survive birth. |
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Definition
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Term
Rank in severity: inversion dupication translocation deletion |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the four ways transposons change the chromosome? |
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Definition
- break at site of transposons
- move to new site on same or diffrent chromosome
- insert in to gene and inactivatine it
- move out of gene, activating it
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Term
| Transposition of Ds requires what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Ds and Ac are what type of transposons? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most common transopsons in humans?What type is it,SINE or LINE? and what percentage of genome does it make up? |
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Definition
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Term
| What percentage do transposons make up in the human genome? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do transposons co-exist with genomes |
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Definition
| 1)Most transposons are inactive, they do not move around disrupting genes a) mutations and deletions render many transposons non-autonomous or fully inactive b) even autonomous transposons are inactivated as result of because they are packaged as repressed chromatin 2) Most transposons are clustered in harmless regions of genome rather than being inserted into coding region |
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Term
| in the human genes where are most of the transposable elemnts contained? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| sequence change in a model organism |
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Term
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Definition
| individual that displays abnormal phenotype as a result of genetic mutation |
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Term
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Definition
individual that displays normal phenotype |
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Term
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Definition
| an allele of a gene containing a mutation(s) that causes an abnormal phenotype |
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Term
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Definition
| generation of mutant alleles by treating a model genetic organism with chemical mutagens or radiation |
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Term
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Definition
| different wild-type alleles of a gene that are present in a natural population |
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Term
| Name three key characteristics to look for in picking a organisim to study? |
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Definition
- Short regeneration times
- easy mutate germline
- easy to identify
- relatively easy to isolate gene containing mutation
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Term
| how are Mutants generated by random mutagenesis that affect a particular process identified? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Intricate processes in complex organisms have evolved from simpler processes in less complex organisms |
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Term
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Definition
| Mutants isolated in model genetic organisms contain mutations in genes closely related to genes involved in similar processes in humans |
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Term
| Do cycadian rythams depend on external signals? |
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Definition
| no, but theyr internal clocks can be thrown off by the external signals....eg jet lag |
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Term
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Definition
| To isolate homozygous mutants (m1/m1) present on particular autosome. Balancer serves to mark unmutagenized chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| A mutation that reverses the effect of another mutation (classically, suppressors have no phenotype in the absence of the other mutation) |
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