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| 2 identical alleles for a given gene |
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| 2 different alleles for a given gene |
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| In a heterozygote the allele that decides the phenotype |
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| In a heterozygote the allele that has no visible effect on the phenotype |
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| Type of inheritance where the phenotype is in between the 2 alleles of a heterozygote |
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| The expression of 2 different alleles in a heterozygote |
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| The parents differ in one characteristic |
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| 2 Characteristics are different |
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| Discreet unit of hereditary information |
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| Alternative form of a gene |
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| Genetic makeup of an organism |
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| Expressed traits of an organism |
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| Mating of an individual genotype and an individual that is homozygous recessive for same characteristic |
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| 2 chromosomes that pair up in a diploid organism |
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| Studying the family tree for the occurrence of inheritable traits |
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| Chromosome not directly involved in determining the sex of an organism |
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| Chromosome that determines the sex |
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| Trait that is tied to a sex chromosome |
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| Individual that is heterozygous, doesn't show phenotype for recessive gene but will pass it on. |
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| Control of more than one phenotype by one gene |
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| More than one gene controlling a characteristic |
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| Genes located close together that are inherited together |
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| First to study patterns of inheritance without DNA |
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| Mendel's law of segregation |
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| Sperm/Eggs only carry one allele for a characteristic |
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| Law of independent assortment |
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| Inheritance of one characteristic has no effect on another |
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| Only one allele is expressed |
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| Phenotype is mixed between the 2 parents |
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| Expression of 2 different genes in a heterozygote |
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| Polymer consisting of many nucleotides |
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| 5 carbon sugar bonded with a phosphate and a nitrogen base |
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| Set of rules that gives the information to the protein |
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| 3 bases that match with the an amino acid |
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| Change in the genetic code |
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| Base substitution mutation |
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Definition
| one base is substituted for another |
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| Base insertion or deletion mutation |
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Definition
| A base goes away or a new one is added |
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| Thing that causes a mutation |
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| Genes in a sack that can infect cells |
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| Structure of the DNA molecule |
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| Sugar phosphate backbone with bases. 2 strand joined together at bases to form a double helix |
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| Why is base complementarity important? |
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Definition
| It enables the DNA to replicate and for RNA to be transcribed |
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| RNA polymerase starts at a promoter then works it's way down the DNA, first unzipping the section then matching up the bases. It stops at a terminator |
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Definition
| mRNA meets up with tRNA in a ribosome. Then an anti Codon in the tRNA matches with a Codon in mRNA. Then the tRNA finds the corresponding amino acid |
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| 2 ways mutations are harmful |
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Definition
Change the amino acid order making a protein useless
Cause cancer |
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Term
| 2 ways mutations are helpful |
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Definition
Creates diversity
Enables researchers to create different alleles |
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