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Genetics
Exam 3 Material, Genetics
21
Microbiology
Undergraduate 2
05/10/2013

Additional Microbiology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

bacterial chromosomes

Definition
  • one, single chromosome
  • chromosome is circular
  • sinigle origin of replication
  • ~5 Mb long
Term

components involved in bacterial replication

Definition
  • DnaA - initiates replication
  • Helicase - unwinds the double helix
  • Primase - makes primers
  • DNA polymerase - assists with binding fragments and strands 
  • DNA ligase - seals the nicks in the DNA backbone
  • single stranded binding protein - binds to the entire single stranded sequence to protect it while it's exposed
Term

RNA polymerase

Definition
  • core RNA with 4 subunits
  • has a sigma factor
Term

bacterial translation

Definition
  • 70S ribosome
  • RBS 
  • starts with formyt-Met
Term

bacterial gene arrangement

Definition
  • several genes, several protein coding sequences
  • one promoter, one terminator (collectively called an operon)
  • polycistronic mRNA - the mRNA molecule that reflects multiple genes
  • proteins that are encoded on an operon are similarly related to one another (similar in function)
Term

archaeal chromosome strutuctre

Definition
  • one, single chromosome
  • chromosome is circular
  • few origins of replication
  • ~5-10 Mb long
Term

component that assists in archaeal replication

Definition
  • DnaA
Term

Archaeal RNA polymerase

Definition
  • many unit RNA polymerase (very complex)
  • lacks a sigma factor
  • have a TATA-binding protein (TBP)
  • has TFB (transcription factor B)
  • TBP + TFB act as a sigma factor, signaling the promoter
Term

archaeal translation

Definition
  • 70S ribosome
  • RBS
  • starts with Met
Term

archaeal gene arrangement

Definition
  • several genes, several protein coding sequences
  • one promoter, one terminator (collectively called an operon)
  • polycistronic mRNA - the mRNA molecule that reflects multiple genes

 

Term

eukaryotic chromosome structure

Definition
  • multiple chromosome
  • chromosomes are linear 
  • many origins of replication 
  • ~5-10 Mb in each chromosome
Term

eukaryotic replication involves..

Definition
  • telomerase
  • which deals with the problem of replication linear chromosomes
  • adds telomere repeats to the end of the chromosome
Term

eukaryotic RNA polymerase

Definition
  • three very complex RNA polymerases, each made up of many subunits
  • lack a sigma factor
  • have a TATA-binding protein (TBP)
  • has TFB
  • TBP + TFB act as a sigma factor, signaling the promoter
Term

eukaryotic translation

Definition
  • 80S ribosome
  • NO RBS
  • starts with Met
Term

eukaryotic gene arrangement

Definition
  • one promoter, one terminator
  • this mRNA only reflects one protein
Term

semiconservative DNA replication

Definition
  • the parent strands separate
  • one cell gets strand A, the other cell gets strand B
  • complementary strands are synthesized
Term

histones

Definition
  • wrap the DNA around clusters of histones to form a nucleosome
  • not present in bacteria
Term

replication fork

Definition
  • helicase moves along the DNA strand, unwinding it, while DNA polymerase follows along
  • DNA polymerase makes the lagging strand
  • where the strands are being separated and then being synthesized is the actual replication fork
Term

codons

Definition
  • made up of 3 bases
  • genetic code is a triplet code
  • standard start codon - AUG
  • standard stop codon - UAA, UGA, UAG
  • complement to the codon is the anticodon
Term

protein export in bacteria

Definition
  • proteins are made during translation and destined for certain places
  • the N-terminus contains the signal sequence (which gets recognized by the secretion apparatus)
  • takes the protein to the membrane, makes a core through the membrane to excrete the protein
  • some proteins cannot fold on their own outside of the cell 
Term

TAT system

Definition
  • takes a fully folded protein and takes it out of the cell without having to unfold it 
  • this is important for proteins with prosthetic roots
  • chaperones help the proteins fold if they cannot on their own
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