Term
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Definition
| Division of somatic (non sex) cells |
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Term
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Definition
| A non sex cell, with 23 pairs of chromosomes |
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Definition
| A form of cell death that is a normal part of growth and development |
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Definition
| is a form of cell injury that results in premature death of cells in living tissue |
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Definition
| Division of cytoplasm and its contents |
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Term
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Definition
| A size-order chromosome chart |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a prenatal human from the fertilized ovum stage until formation of the primordial embryo, at about 2 weeks |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Cell division that halves the number of chromosomes to form haploid gametes |
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Term
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Definition
| Sperm cell differentiation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a cell with one set of chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| a cell with two sets of chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| a hollow ball of cells descended from a fertilized ovum |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Twins that originate as two fertilized ovum; identical twins |
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Term
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Definition
| Twins that originate as a single fertilized ovum; identical twins |
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Term
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Definition
| A substance that causes a birth defect |
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Term
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Definition
| A single-gene disorder with several symptoms. Different symptom subsets may occur in different individuals |
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Term
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Definition
| Natural loss of products of conception |
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Term
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Definition
| The birth of an infant who has died in the womb during the first 28 weeks |
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Term
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Definition
| A somatic cell with the normal number of chromosomes for the species |
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Term
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Definition
| Containing 3 sets of homologous chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| A cell with one or more extra or missing chromosome |
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Term
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Definition
| A human cell with 47 chromosomes (1 extra) |
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Term
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Definition
| A human cell with 45 chromosomes (1 missing) |
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Term
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Definition
| An extra copy of a DNA sequence, usually cause by misaligned pairing in Meiosis |
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Term
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Definition
| A missing sequence of DNA or part of a chromosome |
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Term
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Definition
| Exchange between non-homologous chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| An individual with exchanged chromosomes but no signs or symptoms. The person has the usual amount of genetic material but it is rearranged |
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Term
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Definition
| An inverted chromosome that does not include the centromere |
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Term
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Definition
| An inverted chromosome that includes the centromere |
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Term
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Definition
| An individual who carries the inversion gene |
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Term
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Definition
| The inactivation of one X chromosome in each cell of a female mammal, occurring in early embryonic development |
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Term
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Definition
| Having two identical alleles of a gene |
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Term
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Definition
| Have two different alleles of a gene |
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Term
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Definition
| The sex that has half as many x-linked genes as the other; a human male |
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Term
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Definition
| The expression of a gene in traits or symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
| A gene variant expressed when present in one copy |
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Term
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Definition
| An allele whose expression is masked by another allele |
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Term
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Definition
| A chart of symbols connected by lines that depict the genetic relationships and transmission of inherited traits in related individuals |
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Term
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Definition
| Blood relatives having children together |
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Term
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Definition
| The most common phenotype in a population for a particular gene |
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Term
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Definition
| A cross of two individuals who are heterozygous for a single trait |
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Term
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Definition
| A cross between an individual exhibiting the dominant phenotype of a trait and an individual that is homozygous recessive for that trait in order to determine the genotype of the dominant individual. |
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Term
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Definition
| Manufacturing RNA from DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| Assembly of an Amino Acid chain according to the sequence of base triplets in a molecule of mRNA |
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Term
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Definition
| The building block of a nucleic acid, consisting of a phosphate group, a nitrogenous base, and a 5-carbon sugar |
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Term
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Definition
| A sequence of DNA that instructs a cell to produce a particular protein |
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Term
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Definition
| A type of protein around which DNA entwines |
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Term
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Definition
| A unit of chromatin structure |
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Term
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Definition
| A continuous triplet of mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid |
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Term
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Definition
| A sequence of DNA that instructs a cell to produce a particular protein |
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Term
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Definition
| A control sequence near the start of a gene |
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Term
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Definition
| The complete set of genetic instructions in the cells of a particular type of organism |
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Term
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Definition
| A three-base sequence on one loop of a transfer RNA molecule that is complementary to an mRNA codon, and joins the appropriate amino acid and its mRNA |
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Term
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Definition
| are a cluster of ribosomes, bound to mRNA |
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Term
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Definition
| a protein that binds a polpeptide and guides folding |
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Term
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Definition
| A multiprotein structure in a cell shaped like a barrel through which misfolded proteins pass and are refolded or dismantled |
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Term
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Definition
| A part of a gene that encodes amino acids |
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Term
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Definition
| Part of a gene that is transcribed but is excised from the mRNA before translation into protein |
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Term
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Definition
| An allele that differs from the normal or most common allele in a population that alters the phenotype |
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Term
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Definition
| A genetic change that results from mispairing when the replication machinery encounters a base in its rare tautomeric form |
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Term
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Definition
| A substance that changes, adds, or deletes a DNA base |
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Term
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Definition
| A substance that causes cancer |
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Term
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Definition
| A gene that does not encode for protein, but whose sequence very closely resembles that of a coding gene |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA triplets that specify the same amino acid |
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Term
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Definition
| A single base change mutation that alters an amino acid |
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Term
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Definition
| A point mutation that changes an amino-acid-coding codon into a stop codon, prematurely terminating synthesis of encoded protein |
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Term
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Definition
| A mutation that alters a gene's reading frame |
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Term
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Definition
| A genotype that is expressed only under certin environmental conditions |
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Term
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Definition
| Enzyme-catalyzed removal of pyrimidine dimers in DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| proofreading of DNA for misalignment of short, repeated segments |
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Term
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Definition
| An individual with a genetic modification in every cell |
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Term
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Definition
| The alteration of cells or biochemicals with a specific application |
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Term
| Recombinant DNA technology |
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Definition
| Transferring genes between species |
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Term
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Definition
| Vehicle used to transfer genetic material to a target cell |
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Term
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Definition
| small cricle of double-stranded DNA found in some bacteria. Used as a vector in recombinant DNA technology |
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Term
| Assisted Reproductive Technologies |
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Definition
| Procedures that replace a gamete or the uterus to help people with fertility problems have children |
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Term
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Definition
| Placing oocytes and sperm in laboratory dish with appropriate biochemicals so that fertilization occurs, then after a few cells divisions the embryo is transferred to a woman's uterus |
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Term
| Intracytoplasm Sperm Injection |
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Definition
| An infertility treatment that injects a sperm cell nucleus into an oocyte, to overcome lack of sperm motility |
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Term
| Gamete intra-fallopian trasnfer |
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Definition
| An infertility treatment in which sperm and ooctyes are placed in a woman's uterine tube |
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Term
| Zygote intra-fallopian transfer |
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Definition
| An assisted reproductive technology in which an ovum is fertilized and in vitro is placed in a woman's uterine tube |
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Term
| Preimplantation genetic diagnosis |
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Definition
| Removing a cell from an 8-celled embryo and testing it for a mutation to deduce the genotype of the embryo |
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Term
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Definition
| replacing a malfunctioning gene to a correct a genetic abnormality |
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