Term
| Fertilization of a haploid results in... |
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Definition
| a Diploid Zygote which then undergoes mitosis |
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Term
| Primary Spermatocytes have ______ chromosomes? |
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Definition
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Term
| Secondary Sperocytes have ____ ______________ chromosomes at __________________ (What stage) |
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Definition
| 23, duplicated, end of meiosis I |
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Term
| What differentiates into sperm (spermatozoa) |
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Definition
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Term
| Spermatids are from _______ and have ____ chromosomes |
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Definition
| secondary spermocytes, 23 |
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Term
| Primary Oocytes have ___ chromosomes and divides ___________ into ___ cells with _____ chromosomes in each |
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Definition
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Term
| In Oogenesis what is the difference between the two cells that the primary oocyte meiotically divides into? |
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Definition
| The secondary oocyte receives all the cytoplasm and the other cell becomes a polar body |
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Term
| Where does the secondary oocyte come from and what happens to it? |
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Definition
| The secondary oocyte is the result of the division of a primary oocyte. It receives all the cytoplasm of the primary oocyte. It begins Meiosis II but stops at metaphase II. IF fertilized it completes Meiosis II. |
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Term
| From a primary oocyte, females produce... |
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Definition
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Term
| What things cause Chromosomal mutations? |
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Definition
DDIT:
Deletions, Duplications, Inversions, Translocations |
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Term
| What does "Nondisjunction" mean? |
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Definition
| Chromosomes do not sort properly during cell division. During meiosis nondisjunction can produce gametes with too many or too few chromosomes |
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Term
| What does euploid, diploid, and polyploid mean? |
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Definition
| Eupoloid is a chromosome number that is viewed as normal, Diploid organisms are organisms in which 2 sets of chromosomes is normal, Polyploid is an organism in which 3 or more sets of chromosomes is normal |
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Term
| What is Aneuploidy? How does it happen? What does it cause? |
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Definition
| A birth defect caused by chromosomes not separating properly between the two cells during cell division. Generally happens when cytokinesis starts before karyokinesis finishes. It causes an extra or missing chromosome in the zygote. |
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Term
| What is Trisomic? How does it happen? What does it cause? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Monosomic? How does it happen? What does it cause? |
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Definition
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Term
| Aneuploidy Statistics in humans. % is happens, % of spontaneous abortions caused by it |
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Definition
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Term
| What causes mental impairment, abnormal pattern of palm creases, slanted eyes, flattened face, and a short stature? (Down Syndrome) 1/800 live births |
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Definition
| Characteristics of Aneuploid trisomy of chromosome 21 |
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Term
| What causes mental and physical impairment, facial abnormalities, extreme muscle tone, and early death? (Edward syndrome) 1/6000 live births |
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Definition
| Characteristics of Aneuploid trisomy of chromosome 18 |
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Term
| What causes mental and physical impairment, wide variety of defects in the organs, large triangular nose, and early death? (Patau Syndrome) 1/15000 live births |
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Definition
| Characteristics of Aneuploid trisomy of chromosome 13 |
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Term
| What causes sexual immaturity (no sperm) and breast swelling in males? (Klinefelter syndrome) 1/1000 males |
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Definition
| Aneuploidy of sex chromosomes resulting in XXY |
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Term
| What causes abnormal height (tall) as in Jacobs syndrome? 1/1000 males |
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Definition
| Aneuploidy of sex chromosomes resulting in XYY |
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Term
| What causes abnormal tallness and thinness accompanied by menstrual irregularity in women? (Triple X syndrome) 1/1500 females |
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Definition
| Aneuploidy of sex chromosomes resulting in XXX |
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Term
| What causes short stature, webbed neck, and sexually undeveloped females? (Turner Syndrome) 1/5000 females |
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Definition
| Aneuploidy of sex chromosomes resulting in XO |
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Term
| What did Mendel conclude from his studies? |
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Definition
| traits stay segregated, not blended. Variations in appearance are due to alternate versions of heritable factors. Organisms receive 2 versions of each factor from each parent. If heritable factors are different, the dominant factor is expressed and the recessive factor is masked. |
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Term
| How do you determine the genotype of a parent with the dominant phenotype? |
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Definition
| Cross parent with a homozygous recessive individual. If the parent being tested in homozygous all the offspring will be the dominant phenotype. If they are heterozygous half of the offspring with have the recessive phenotype |
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