Term
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Definition
A primer is a polynucleotide with a “free 3´OH end”
In normal DNA replication, this is RNA |
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Term
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Definition
To make DNA, a polymer, monomers are needed
Nucleotide triphosphates (NTPs) are the monomers |
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Term
| What is the direction of dna synthesis? |
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Definition
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Term
| what makes RNA to start synthesis? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is a leading strand? |
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Definition
| 5' to 3' pol III con. adds nuleotides |
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Term
| what is a lagging strand? |
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Definition
| 3' to 5' primase reads DNA and adds RNA, this will make okazaki fragments, pol I removes RNA and replaces with DNA, ligase joins the DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| break hydrogen bonds between base pairs |
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Term
| what is a okazaki fragment? |
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Definition
| short strand of DNA on the lagging strand |
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Term
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Definition
| it uses covalent bond to get a 3' end to a 5' end with one phosphate group |
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Term
| Eukaryote replication enzymes? |
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Definition
| Pol α creates RNA primer, adds some DNA, Pol ε proofreads |
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Term
| what is the telomere problem? |
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Definition
| DNA is lost at the ends of the linear eukaryotic DNA because of the removal of primers |
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Term
| solution to telomere problem? |
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Definition
| telomerase contains guide RNA codes to DNA |
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Term
| what is G quartet base pairing? |
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Definition
| remaining ss strand will pair with itself 2 G-G |
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Term
| how big is e. coli chromosome? |
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Definition
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Term
| proteins associated with DNA packaging for e. coli? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a region in the cytoplasm rich in DNA and protein; comparable to a nucleus but without a membrane |
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Term
| what is the function of IHF? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the function of FIS? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the funciton of HNS? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the function of HU? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| enzymes that unwind and wind DNA, in order for DNA to control the synthesis of proteins, and in order for DNA to reproduce. They cut the DNA, and at the end of the process connect it again |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| how are mitochondria and chloroplasts alike? |
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Definition
| they both have DNA, DNA s circular, self replicate, have their own ribosomes |
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Term
| what are polytene chromosomes? |
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Definition
| DNA goes through many rounds of replication producing synapsed sister chromatids |
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Term
| where do you find polytene? |
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Definition
| salivary glands in drosophila flies |
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Term
| what is the largest human chromosome? |
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Definition
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Term
| how short does DNA get during metaphase? |
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Definition
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Term
| histone proteins accosiated with nucleosomes? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the chief protein components of chromatin. They act as spools around which DNA winds |
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Term
| how many base pairs wrap around the histone octet? |
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Definition
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Term
| how many total base pairs per nucleosome? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| nucleoside molecule that is formed when cytosine is attached to a ribose ring, is a componet of RNA |
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Term
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Definition
| enzyme that breaks down nucleic acid, exo-breaks bonds at end of chain, endo in the chain |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA which tends to be highly compacted and dark staining, found in centromeres and telomeres. Also, much of Y chromosome |
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Term
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Definition
| is not so compacted or dark |
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Term
| which base pairs are more dense? |
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Definition
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Term
| why is centrifugation used? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| DNA concentration x (time) |
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Term
| what % of DNA code for proteins? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ALU-300bp, alpha satellite-170bp, VNTR-15-100bp, dinucleatide repeats |
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Term
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Definition
Consist of nuclear DNA packaged with histone proteins
DNA not normally visible (chromatin) until mitosis.
During mitosis, DNA is condensed; chromosomes can be visualized by staining.
Each chromosome has a characteristic appearance so you can tell them apart.
In diploid organisms, chromosomes come in pairs (one from each parent), are called homologous chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| an area of highly condensed DNA to which the spindle attaches during mitosis |
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Term
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Definition
| the area at the end of the “arms” of the chromosome. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what is the short arm of the chromosome? |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| no centromere & two centromeres |
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