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| An alternate form of a gene. |
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| A chromosome that does not have a gene that determines sex. |
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| A structure, consisting of DNA and protein, that carries the genes. |
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| Deoxyribonucleic acid; The genetic material. The biochemical that forms genes. |
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| An allele that exerts an effect when present in even one copy. |
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| A sequence of DNA that instructs a cell to produce a particular protein. |
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| All of the genes in a population. |
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| All the genetic material in the cells of a particular type of organism. |
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| The allele combinations in an individual that cause a particular trait or disorder. |
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Definition
| A size-order chromosome chart. |
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Definition
| A trait completely determined by a single gene. |
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| A trait or illness determined by several genes and the environment; also called a complex trait. |
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Definition
| A change in a protein-encoding gene that affects the phenotype. |
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Definition
| A diagram used to follow inheritance of a trait in a family. |
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Definition
| The observable expression of a gene. |
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Definition
| A site in a genome that varies in 1% or more of a population. |
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Definition
| An allele that exerts an effect only when present in two copies. |
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Definition
| Ribonucleic acid; the molecule that enables a cell to synthesize proteins using the information in DNA sequences. |
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Definition
| A chromosome containing genes that specify sex. |
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Definition
| A trait or illness determined by several genes and the environment. |
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Definition
| The conclusion that a characteristic is inevitable because it has an inherited component. |
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Definition
| The alteration of cells or biochemicals with a specific application. |
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Definition
| A set of target genes embedded in a glass chip, to which labeled cDNAs from a sample bind and fluoresce. Microarrays show patterns of gene expression. Also called a DNA chip. |
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Definition
| The fundamental unit of life. |
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Definition
| A field that addresses personal issues that arise in applying medical technology and information. |
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Definition
| The study of the functions and interactions of many genes at a time. |
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Definition
| Single nucleotide polymorphisms. Single base sites that differ among individuals. An SNP is present in at least 1% of a population |
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Definition
| Cell specialization, reflecting differential gene expression. |
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Definition
| The probability that an individual will develop a particular condition, based on family history and/or test results. |
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Definition
| A type of protein that speeds the rate of a specific biochemical reaction, making it fast enough to be compatible with life. |
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Definition
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| A medical specialist who calculates risk of recurrence of inherited disorders in families, applying the laws of inheritance to pedigrees. |
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Definition
| The study of inherited variation. |
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Definition
| The study of inheritance at the biochemical level, focusing on DNA and proteins. |
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Definition
| Study of the proteins produced in a particular cell type under particular conditions. |
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Definition
| Probability that an individual from a population will develop a particular condition in comparison to another group. |
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Definition
| A natural process that destroys specific mRNA molecules using small interfering RNAs that result from transcribing short sequences on both DNA strands. |
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Definition
| Cells that give rise to other stem cells that retain the potential to differentiate (specialize) further, as well as to cells that differentiate or give rise to cells that differentiate. |
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