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Definition
Has Amine Group
Has double bonded oxygen |
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Definition
Has Two Double bonded oxygens
Has one methyl group |
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Definition
Has double Bonded oxygen
Has an amine group |
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Definition
| Has one double bonded oxygen |
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Term
| Purines make a glycosidic bond at |
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Definition
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Term
| Pyrimidines make a glycosidic bond at |
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Definition
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Term
| If the glycosidic bonds are pointing down, then the major groove is on which side of the base? |
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Definition
| The major groove is at the top |
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Term
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Definition
| Its a structural motif found in RNA |
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Term
| Double stranded DNA usually takes on which structural form? |
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Definition
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Term
| Double Stranded RNA is usually which structural form? |
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Definition
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Term
| Alpha helices of proteins can fit into which groove of DNA really well? |
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Definition
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Term
| Beta strands of Proteins work with which of the grooves of DNA really well? |
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Definition
| Beta strands interact with BOTH major and minor grooves really well. |
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Term
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Definition
| Discovered That x-rays cause DNA mutations. |
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Term
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Definition
| Discovered that heat extracts from virulent S.pneumoniae causes virulence in nonpathogens of the same species. |
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Term
| Virulence as seen in S.pneumoniae is determined by |
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Definition
| Whether the cell wall is rough (nonvirulent) or smooth. |
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Term
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Definition
| A process in which bacteria take up extracellular DNA and use it |
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Term
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Definition
| Discovered the transforming factor is DNA (not protein or RNA) |
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Term
| Alfred Hershey & Martha Case |
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Definition
| Used radioactive tracers to show that DNA is the genetic component of bacteriophage. |
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Term
| S35 was a radioactive marker used for |
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Definition
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Term
| P32 was a marker used for |
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Definition
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Definition
| Stabilize the ends of chromosomes and direct special steps for maintaining those structures. |
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Term
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Definition
| contains genes that are expressed |
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Term
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Definition
| Genes that are suppressed |
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Term
| Human chromosomes range from... |
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Definition
250 - 50 Mb (Mega base pairs)
8.5 cm |
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Term
| Condensed Chromosomes have a size of... |
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Definition
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Term
| As the length of chromosomes increases in Mb pairs (or complexity of organism increases)... |
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Definition
| ...the number of genes per Mb pairs decreases. |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA wrapped into nucleosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| Two coils of DNA wrapped around a protein spool |
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Term
| Histone-DNA interactions are considered... |
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Definition
| non-specific---any part of DNA can attach to any histone. |
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Term
| The core of the nucleosome is made of... |
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Definition
| ...an octomer of histone proteins. |
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Term
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Definition
| Outside of the core & binds linker DNA between nucleosomes |
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Term
| How many wraps of DNA go around the histone octomer? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many base pairs go around the histone octomer? |
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Definition
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Term
| Nucleosomes pack into a filament which has a diameter of ... |
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Definition
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Term
| The DNA wraps around the histone octomer contribute negative or positive supercoils? |
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Definition
| Contributes negative supercoils |
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Term
| Acetylation, methylation, and other covalent attachments to histones can do what to DNA-histone interactions? |
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Definition
| It can either tighten the DNA (lowering gene expression) or loosen the DNA (Increasing gene expression). |
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Term
| Why are some histones considered "loose"? Why are they loose? |
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Definition
| "Loose" histones can slide along the DNA allowing control proteins to read indicator sequences. |
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Term
| The Cell uses what type of system for making enough nucleotides? |
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Definition
| It is an on "demand system": only enough is made for that moment. |
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Term
| At any given time, how many nucleotide triphosphates are there in the cell? |
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Definition
| Only enough to make 1% of the cell's nucleic acids |
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Term
| What are the two pathways for nucleotide synthesis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Salvage synthesis? |
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Definition
| The recycling of purine bases (adenosine & guanine)from used nucleic acids. |
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Term
| What is de novo synthesis? |
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Definition
| Synthesis from scratch of both purines and pyrimidines. |
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Term
| Kinases phosphorylate NMPs (nucleoside monophosphates) to make... |
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Definition
| Nucleoside diphosphates (NDPs) |
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Term
| Nucleoside diphosphates (NDPs) are phosphorylated by kinases to make... |
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Definition
| Nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs). |
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Term
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Definition
| 5-Phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophospate |
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Term
| Purine salvage starts with... |
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Definition
| PRPP (5-phosphoribosyl-1-phosphate) |
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Term
| The enzyme that catalyzes the reaction of Hypoxanthine and Guanine with PRPP to make monophosphates is... |
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Definition
| Hypoxanthine-Guanine Phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRTase) |
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Term
| HGPRTase can make these two monophosphates... |
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Definition
| Inosinate (IMP) and Guanylate (GMP) |
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Term
| IMP can be modified to make... |
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Definition
| GMP (guanylate) and AMP (adenosine monophosphate) |
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Term
| The enzyme that catalyzes the reaction between PRPP and adenine to make a nucleotide monophosphate is... |
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Definition
| Adenine Phosphoribosyl Transferase |
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Term
| Adenine Phosphoribosyl Transferase is involved in the reaction between _______ & ________ in order to make _________. |
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Definition
| PRPP & Adenine , AMP (adenosine monophosphate) |
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Term
| De novo pathways can make which type of nucleotides? |
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Definition
| Both pyrimidines and Purines. |
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Term
| Amino acids, C1-THF, and carbamoyl phosphate are used to assemble the... |
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Definition
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Term
| The Ribose in the De novo pathway is derived from... |
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Definition
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Term
| Pyrimidine de novo synthesis makes... |
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Definition
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Term
| UTP can be covalently changed in what way to make CTP (Cytidine Triphosphate)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Tetrahydrofolate is used in which pathways? |
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Definition
| De novo synthesis of purines and dTTP formation. |
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Term
| Tetrahydrofolate provides... |
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Definition
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Term
| Tetrahydrofolate is derived from... |
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Definition
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Term
| Methylation of homocysteine makes... |
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Definition
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Term
| Deoxynucleotides can only be made from the reduction of... |
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Definition
| ribonucleoside DIphosphates. |
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Term
| The source of reduction power of ribonucleotide reductase is derived from... |
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Definition
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Term
| Hydroxyurea is a chemotherapy drug that is involved in the... |
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Definition
| ...inhibition of Ribonucleotide reductase. |
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Term
| Fluorouracil (or fluorouridylate) is a chemotherapy drug that inhibits... |
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Definition
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Term
| Methotrexate & aminopterin are chemotherapy drugs which inhibit... |
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Definition
| ...dihydrofolate reductase. |
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Term
| What is the helix diameter of RNA (alpha form helix)? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the helix diameter of DNA (Beta form helix)? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many base pairs are there for every helical turn of RNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many base pairs are there for every helical turn of DNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| When relaxed, Linking Number is equal to... |
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Definition
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Term
| Linking nummber is equal to... |
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Definition
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