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| Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait |
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| Specific characteristics that varies from one individual to another |
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| One of a number of different forms of a gene |
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| A genetic trait considered to be dominant if it is expressed in a person who has only one copy of that gene. (In genetic terms, a dominant trait is one that is phenotypically expressed in heterozygotes). |
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| the relationship between two versions of a gene. Individuals receive one version of a gene, called an allele, from each parent. |
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| Term used to refer to an organism that has two different alleles for the same trait |
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| Term used to refer to an organism that has two identical alleles for a particular trait |
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| Genetic makeup of an organism |
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| Physical characteristics of an organism |
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| Photograph of chromosomes grouped in order in pairs |
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| Diagram showing the gene combinations that might result from a genetic cross |
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| Chart that shows the relationships within a family |
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| Change in a DNA sequence that affects genetic information |
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A trait associated with a gene that is carried only by the female or male parent
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| Process by which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell |
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| Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatides during meiosis |
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| Term used to refer to a cell that contains both sets of homolgous chromosomes |
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| Term used to refer to a cell that contains only a single set of chromosomes and therefore only a single set of genes |
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| A pair of chromosomes made up of two homologs. Homologous chromosomes have corresponding DNA sequences and come from separate parents; one homolog comes from the mother and the other comes from the father |
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| Process in sexual reproduction in which female and male reproductive cells joins to form a new cell |
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| Specialized cell involved in sexual reproduction |
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| a structure which the females of a certain species reproduce; it contains a fertilized zygote and nutrition in the form of yolk for the developing offspring |
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| The male gamete or reproductive cell involved in sexual reproduction |
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| Process by which a single parent reproduces by itself |
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| Process by which cells from two different parents unite to produce the first cell of a new organism |
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| Type of asexual reproduction in which an organism replicates its DNA and divides in half, producing two identical daughter cells |
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| Process in which part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA is copied into a complementary sequence in RNA |
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| Decoding os a mRNA message into a polypeptide chain |
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| Three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid |
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| RNA molecule that carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell |
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| Type of RNA molecule that transfer amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis |
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| Type of RNA that makes up the major part of ribosomes |
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The four bases found in DNA are adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T).
BASE PAIR RULE:
Each type of base on one strand forms a bond with just one type of base on the other strand. Adenine bonding only to Thymine, and Cytosine bonding only to Guanine but for RNA Thymine converts to Uracil so now A bonds with U and G still bonds wIth C |
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| The process by which amino acids are linearly arranged into proteins through the involvement of ribosomal RNA, transfer RNA, messenger RNA, and various enzymes. |
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