Term
What is the definition of heredity? page 154 |
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Definition
the passing of physical characteristics from parents to offspring. |
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Term
What is a trait? page 154 |
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Definition
a characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes. |
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What is genetics? page 154 |
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Definition
the scientific study of heredity |
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Term
What is fertilization. page 155 |
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Definition
the joining of a sperm and an egg |
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Term
What is a purebred? page 155 |
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Definition
the offspring of many generations that have the same traits. |
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Term
Who was Gregor Mendel? page 154 |
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Definition
a priest that did experiments with plants and became the father of genetics. |
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Term
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Definition
the set of information that controls a trait: a segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait. |
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Term
What are an alleles? page 157 |
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Definition
the different forms of a gene |
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Term
How are an organisms traits determined? page 157 |
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Definition
by the alleles it inherts from its parents. |
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Term
What are the two different types of alleles? page 157 |
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Definition
dominant (always shows up) recessive (hidden if the dominant shows up) |
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Term
What is a hybrid? page 158 |
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Definition
an organism that has two different alleles for a trait. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
What were the results of Mendel's experiments, or crosses? page 154 |
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Definition
1. plant traits were often similar to those of their parents. 2. sometimes plants had different traits from their parents. |
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Term
How did Mendel prevent self-pollination? page 155 |
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Definition
He removed the pollen-producing structures from the flower. |
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Term
In rabbits, the allele for black fur is dominant over the allele for white fur. What combination of alleles must the white rabbit have? page 158 |
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Definition
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Term
If an allele is represented by a capital letter, what does this indicate? page 159 |
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Definition
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Term
What does P generation mean? page 156 |
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Definition
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Term
What does F1 generation mean? page 156 |
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Definition
first filial generation (filial means son or daughter) or the offspring from the P generation |
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Term
What does F2 generation mean? page 156 |
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Definition
second filial generation or the offspring of the F1 generation that were allowed to self pollinate. |
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Term
What did Mendel notice about the F1 generation? page 156 |
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Definition
even though one parent was tall and one was short, these offspring were all tall |
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Term
What did Mendel notice about the F2 generation? page 156 |
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Definition
even though both parents were tall, about 1/4 of the offspring (or 1 out of 4) were short. |
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Term
Explain how dominant and recessive alleles for the trait of stem height determine whether a pea plant will be tall or short. page 157 |
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Definition
when a plant inherits a dominant allele for stem height, the plant will always be tall (Tt or TT) when a plant inherits a recessive allele for stem height, the plant will only be short if there are two recessive alleles (tt) |
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Term
Can a short pea plant ever be a hybrid for the trait of stem height? Why or why not? As part of your explanation, write the letters that represent the alleles for stem height of a short pea plant. |
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Definition
No, a short pea plant can never be a hybrid for the trait of stem height because a hybrid must contain two different alleles for stem height. If T = tall stem height and t = short stem height a hybrid would have the alleles Tt. Since T (tall) is the dominant allele, the plant with Tt will always be tall. |
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Term
If an allele is represented by a capital letter |
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Definition
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Term
Define probability page 162 |
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Definition
a number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur |
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Term
What is a Punnet Square? page 164 |
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Definition
a chart that shows all the possible combinsations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross. |
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Term
What is a genetic cross? page 165 |
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Definition
the probablity that an allele from each parent will pass on to its offspring |
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Term
[image] What is the probability that the offspring of the pea flowers will be purple? |
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Definition
[image]The probability that the offspring will be purple is 100% or 4 out of 4. |
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Term
What is the probability that[image] the offspring will be purple? What is the probability that the offspring will be white? |
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Definition
[image]There is a 1 out of 4 chance that the offspring will be white and a 3 out of 4 change the offspring will be purple. |
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