Term
| During what stage or phase of the cell cycle does the cell actively transcribe and translate all the protein products for normal cellular structure and fxn? |
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Definition
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Term
| During meiosis 1, when does the homolgous chromosome pairing and recombination occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the order of the five stages of prophase in meiosis 1? |
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Definition
LZPDD
Leptokene, Zygotene, pachytene, diplotene, diakineses |
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Term
| A cross in which a F1, heterozygotes are crossed to generate a 3:1 ratio in the F2 generation? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Organelle that migrates during M phase to form opposite poles & sources of spindle fibers |
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Term
| What is the equation for interference? |
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Definition
| 1-coefficient of coincidence= 1-(#observed/#expected) |
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Term
| How do you determine map distance? |
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Definition
| (# Recombinants)/(Total offspring) X 100 |
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Term
| The imprecise excision of an F plasmid from the chromosome of an Hfr strain results in what type of plasmid production? |
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Definition
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Term
| Purines have are (one/two) ring structures? |
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Definition
| Two rings; Adenosine (NH2) and Guanine (CO2) |
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Term
| Which mode of inheritance produces heterozygotes with phenotypes that are intermediate between the phenotypes of the homozygous parents? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do you call a bacterial cell carrying a prophage? |
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Definition
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Term
| This type of gene transfer in bacteria requires direct contact between live bacteria |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of gene interaction results in a 9:3:4 ratio? |
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Definition
| Recessive epistatsis; Recessive alleles of one gene mask or reduce the expression of alleles of another locus |
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Term
| What type of gene interaction results in a 12:3:1 ration? |
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Definition
| Dominant epistasis, A dominant allele at one locus masks the phenotypic expression of alleles at a second locus |
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Term
| What is the sequence for the polyadenation of mRNA in euk's? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of aneuplodidy is responsible for Turner syndrom in humans? |
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Definition
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Term
| What process if the sigma subunit of RNA polymerase in prokaryotes necessary for? |
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Definition
| Binding to specific promoter sequences |
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Term
| What type of chromosome has no p arm? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Shine-Dalgarno sequence? |
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Definition
| A consensus sequence in mRNA for initiation of translation in pro's |
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Term
| In translation initiation in eukaryote |
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Definition
1. formation of preinitaion complex
2. formation of initation complex
3. scan kozak fragment for start codon
4. formation of 80s ribosome |
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Term
Which pathway could be affected by an inherited mutation in the ATM gene?
a. UV repair
b. photoreactivation
c. p53 repair
d. NER pathway |
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Definition
| p53 repair pathway (apoptosis) |
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Term
| Base excision repair roles: a) DNA glycosylase b)AP site c) AP endonuclease |
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Definition
a) removes a modified nucleotide
b) is left once the nucleotide is removed by glycosylate
c) AP endonuclease fills in AP site (gap)
d) DNA pol I fills in the new site
e) fills it in |
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Term
| Transition mutations (name at least three) |
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Definition
5-bromodeoxyuridine
Ethyl methansulfonate
Hydroxylamine
Nitrous Oxide |
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Term
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Definition
| Single nucleotide polymorphism; reason for most genome variation in humans |
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Term
| Nondisjuction in meiosis II results in RFLPS that are______ |
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Definition
| two bands of the same copy from one parent |
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Term
| Nondisjuction in meiosis I results in RFLPS that are______ |
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Definition
| both copies of one parent's |
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Term
| A plasmid used as a cloning vector in E. Coli should have a _____; _____; and _____ |
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Definition
| ori site, selectable marker, unique restriction site |
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Term
| epigenetic inheritance (does/doesn't) cause changes in the DNA sequence? |
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Definition
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Term
| L1 elements in humans make up ___% of the genome, are considered a type of ____ element, can tranposase and cause spontaneous mutations and are ___________ |
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Definition
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Term
Describe this type of structure:
located upstream of transcription site in EUK
has a nucleosome-depleted region (NDR)
no TATA box but a poly A/T tract |
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Definition
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Term
| Balancer chromosomes always have these three characteristics? |
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Definition
1. 1+ inversions (=crossover supression
2. dominant mutation w/visible phenotype
3. recessive allele --> lethality |
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Term
Can be upstream, downstream or w/in genes they regulate
*can stimulate transcription by DNA looping
*aka UASs in yeast
*varied distance from core promoter
*in euk's |
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Definition
| this describes an enhancer |
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Term
| centromere is near the middle of the chromosome |
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Definition
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Term
| Submetacentric chromosome |
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Definition
| the centromere is btwn the middle and the tip |
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Term
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Definition
| centromere is close to one end |
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Term
| Spindle formation occurs in what stage of the cell cycle? |
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Definition
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Term
| Metyhyl-directed mismatch repair uses the what sequence to determine the strand to use as template for repair? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the first step in preparing a PCR? |
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Definition
| Denaturing the template DNA around 94'C |
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Term
| What is the role of RNA Pol III in euks? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the role of RNA Pol I in euks? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the role of RNA Pol II in euks? |
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Definition
| synthesized premRNA, snRNA and miRNA |
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Term
| How does the tryptophan fxn in the regulation of the trp operon? |
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Definition
| The tryptophan fxn binds to the repressor and then the complex formed binds to the DNA which stops operson transcription |
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Term
| What is a temperate bacteriophage? |
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Definition
| A bacteria that can transfer DNA to a reciepient via specialized transduction |
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Term
| What are the enzymes required for miRNA processing; which one is ONLY used in miRNA and not snRNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two ways the miRNA affects gene expression? |
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Definition
| Translational regulational and RNA degradation |
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Term
| CPR Regulation in lac operson is _______ regulation that occurs when glucose levels are _______ and cAMP is ______. CRP facilitates lac operon binding regulatory sequences and assists w/RNA polymerase interactions w/promoter |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A protein that hold sister chromatids together until the right time to prevent premature separation |
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Term
| Which histones are a part of the core nucleosome? |
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Definition
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Term
| These sequences in euk's can bind to activator and repressor proteins |
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Definition
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Term
| Why are mouse embryonic stem cells (ES) cells used for the production of mutant mice vis gene targeting |
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Definition
| ES cells can generate germ cells in the chimeric mouse |
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Term
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Definition
| overlapping clones or sequences |
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Term
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Definition
| This can transfer DNA to a recipient via conjugation |
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Term
| What is the order of in the double-strand break for meotic recombination? |
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Definition
1. ___Double-strand break of one chromatid by Spo11
2. ___Resection of the 5' ends of DNA strands
3. ___Invasion of a non-sister chromatid by a DNA strand
4. ___DNA repair synthesis to form a double Holliday junction
5. ___Branch migration
6. ___ Resolution of the Holliday junctions |
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Term
| genest that come from a common ancestor and and are similair |
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Definition
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Term
| genes that are in different species that COME from the same gene in a recent ancestor of the two species |
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Definition
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Term
| genes that come from duplication within the same gene |
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Definition
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Term
cis-acting DNA sequences that often function at a distance from
the gene they are regulating |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Flourescence In Situ Hybridization |
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Term
A protein coding gene whose expression in the cell is easily (usually visibly)
quantifiable and therefore used to determine the specific conditions that induce the expression of
any other gene is called what?
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Definition
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Term
| what is a type of transcriptional regulator that when activated stops communication between enhancers on one side and promoters on the other |
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Definition
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