Term
|
Definition
| a point mutation that changes an amino acid coding codon into a stop codon, prematurely terminating synthesis of the encoded protein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a single base change mutation that alters an amino acid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a genetic change that results from mispairing when the replication machinery encounters a base in its rare tautomeric form. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| structural isomer of each base form as a result of spontaneous transient rearrangement of bonds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when chemicals or radiation are used in order to cause a mutation ( caused by mutagens) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a chemical that can substitute for a normal nucleobase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a mutation that alters a gene's reading frame |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| removes genetic material ...a deletion that removes 3 or more bases will not cause a framshift but can still alter the phenotype |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
change in a single DNA base
2 types
transition: purine for purine A.G or C to T
transversion: purine for pyrimidine a or g t or c |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a somatic cell with the normal number of chromosomes for the species |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a cell with one or more extra or missing chromosomes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| breakage and reunion of fragment in same chromosome, but with wrong orientation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| exchange between non homologous chromosomes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
extra chromosome sets-polyploidy
aneuploidy
1 extra chromosome trisomy
1 missing chromosome monosomy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the unequal partitioning of chromosomes into gametes during meiosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lacking an X chromosome
do not ovulate or menstruate, undeveloped breasts, low thyroid function |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
trisomy 21
broad tilted eyes, sunken nose
usually dont make it past 40 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
having an extra X chromosome in males
long arms and legs, sexually underdeveloped, little hair
most common cause of male infertility
slower to learn |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs when a person receives two copies of a chromosome or part of a chromosome from one parent and no copies from the other parent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a control sequence near the start of the gene |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| part of a gene that is transcribed but is excised from the mRNA before translation into protein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a form of cell death that is a normal part of growth and development |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a gene that normally controls the cell cycle, but causes cancer when overexpressed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a gene that normally controls the cell cycle. when overexpressed, it functions as an oncogene causing cancer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a recessive gene whose normal function is to limit the number of divisions a cell undergoes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| trinucleotide repeat disorders |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| symptoms of SCA become more severe and have earlier onsets of subsequent generations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| loss of a normal function of one allele of a gene in which the other allele was already inactivated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
virulent cause pneumonia and heat killed s is non vbirulent smooth
rough non vireulent in r strain does not cause pneumonia |
|
|
Term
| transformation in griffith ecperiment |
|
Definition
| genetics information from the heat killed s cells was transferred to the r cells, transforming them to virulence |
|
|
Term
SNP
single nucleotide polymorphism |
|
Definition
| 1 base pair changed in the DNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
2 or more bases
how many times its repeated in a sequence of DNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
one allele partially masks phenotype of the other allele all 3 genotypes phenotypically distinct
red and white flowers makes pink |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| heterozygote both phenotypes AB blood type |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the study of the relationship of a genome structure and function across different biological species or strains |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
multiplex technology used in molecularbiology and in medicine
1000 spots of oligonucleotides |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
multiplex technology used in molecularbiology and in medicine
1000 spots of oligonucleotides |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a molecule that elicits an immune respose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a multisubunit protein produced by b cells that binds a specific foreign atigen at one end, alertin the immune system or directly destroying the antigen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| protein substance present in red blood cells |
|
|
Term
| histocompatibility antigens |
|
Definition
| Any of the genetically determined antigens on the surface of cell membranes that serve to identify a cell as self or nonself. These antigens determine whether a tissue graft will be accepted by an organ transplant recipient. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The major histocompatibility complex of humans. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A set of alleles of closely linked loci on a chromosome that tend to be inherited together; commonly used in reference to the linked genes of the major histocompatibility complex. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small circle of double stranded DNA found in some bacteria. used as a vector in recombinant DNA technology |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A polymerase that mediates deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis by using a ribonucleic acid template. |
|
|
Term
| polymerase chain reaction |
|
Definition
| a nucleic acid amplification technique in which a DNA sequence is replicated in a test tube to rapidly produce many copies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any of the single-stranded complementary ends of a deoxyribonucleic acid molecule. Also known as cohesive end. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| each recognizes a specific nucleotide sequence. In the living bacterial cell, these enzymes destroy the DNA of certain invading viruses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that has been altered (caused to recombine) by rearrangement of its sequence, addition or deletion of DNA segments, or introduction of foreign DNA segments |
|
|
