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Genetics Exam 1
meiosis, heredity
44
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Undergraduate 2
02/14/2016

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Term
What is G1 phase?
Definition
active gene expression and cell activity, preparation for DNA synthesis
Term
What is S phase?
Definition
chromosome duplication and DNA replication
Term
What is G2?
Definition
preparation for cell division
Term
What is M phase?
Definition
cell division
Term
What is the order of the cell cycle?
Definition
G1, S, G2, M
Term
What is the G0 checkpoint?
Definition
terminal differentiation of and arrest of cell division
Term
What are the two possible outcomes of the G0 checkpoint?
Definition
1. apoptosis 2. cell remains specialized but does not divide
Term
how many DNA helices are there per chromatid?
Definition
1
Term
what is a dyad?
Definition
a replicated chromosome
Term
what does Cohesion protein hold together?
Definition
sister chromatids
Term
what is the kinetochore?
Definition
the place on the chromosome where the centromere connects to the microtubule
Term
leptotene
Definition
first stage in prophase of meiosis I. chromosomes are still in the nuclear envelope
Term
zygotene
Definition
second phase of prophase of meiosis I. early early mitotic spindle
Term
pachytene
Definition
3rd step in prophase in meiosis 1. spindle present, centromeres present
Term
diplotene
Definition
last stage of prophase in meiosis 1, chiasmata and sister chromatids present
Term
How is the sex determined for Drosophila?
Definition
through the X/A ratio
Term
what is the sex of a fruit fly if it is 1X:2A?
Definition
male
Term
what is the sex of a fruitfly if it is is 2x:2A
Definition
female
Term
what is the gene that controls sex lethality in drosophila?
Definition
sxl
Term
how is the mammalian sex determined/
Definition
presence of SRY gene
Term
what sex is a XXY human?
Definition
male
Term
in what gene is the 5 alpha reductase mutation in ?
Definition
Srd5A2
Term
what does the mutation for 5 alpha reductase do?
Definition
changes the sex of the child from female to male after puberty...
Term
what does the AR mutation do ?
Definition
reverses sex of male by causing external female phenotypes and no internal structures
Term
what type of disorder is Congenital generalized hypertrichosis?
Definition
X linked dominant
Term
what is the Lyon hypothesis?
Definition
that one X chromosome is silenced
Term
why are calico cats different fur coats?
Definition
because one of the Barr bodies are silent
Term
what does amorphic // null mean?
Definition
no functional gene product...usually lethal..LOSS OF FUNCTION
Term
what is a leaky // hypomorphic mutation?
Definition
produce a small amount of wild type product...loss of function
Term
what is a dominant negative mutation, and what is an example?
Definition
the products of the faulty gene have a bad interaction with the gene products of another gene....osteogenesis imperfecta
Term
hypermorphic mutation
Definition
excessive expression of gene product ...causes lethality
Term
neomorphic mutation
Definition
the mutant allele has a novel function that produces a mutant phenotype in the homozygous AND heterozygous.
Term
what is an example of incomplete dominance?
Definition
the color of horse coats
Term
what kind of antibodies are present on Red blood cell TYPE A?
Definition
anti-B
Term
what kind of antibodies are present on red blood cell type B?
Definition
antibody A
Term
What type of antibodies does blood cell type AB have?
Definition
none
Term
what kind of antibodies are present on O blood cell type?
Definition
anti-A and anti-B
Term
what is the genetic ratio that explains complementary gene interactions?
Definition
9:7
Term
dominant epistatic ratio
Definition
12: 3: 1
Term
recessive epistatic
Definition
9: 4: 3
Term
dominant suppression
Definition
13:3
Term
what's necessary for complementation to occur?
Definition
mutations have to occur in same gene
Term
penetrant organism
Definition
have the matching phenotype to the genotype
Term
duplicate gene action
Definition
15: 1
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