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Definition
| A gene is the molecular unit of heredity of a living organism |
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Definition
| ne of a number of alternative forms of the same gene or same genetic locus |
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| Relationship between genes, DNA, and chromosomes. |
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Definition
| DNA is hereditary material, strands of DNA are called chromosomes, a gene is a small segment of DNA on a small piece of a chromosome |
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| Central Dogma of Molecular Biology |
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Definition
| each gene in the DNA molecule carries the information needed to construct one protein, which, acting as an enzyme, controls one chemical reaction in the cell. |
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Definition
| The nucleotide in DNA consists of a sugar (deoxyribose), one of four bases (cytosine (C), thymine (T), adenine (A), guanine (G)), and a phosphate. Cytosine and thymine are pyrimidine bases, while adenine and guanine are purine bases. The sugar and the base together are called a nucleoside. |
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| Describe the different kinds of bonds present in a DNA molecule |
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Definition
-Hydrogen bonds link bases of antiparallel strands.
-Phosphodiester bonds connect the sugar and phosphate groups of adjoining nucleotides |
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| DNA's three major functions as a heredity molecule |
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Definition
Contain complex information
Replicate faithfully
Encode the phenotype |
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Definition
| Complex of DNA and proteins that make up the contents of the nucleus of a cell. The primary functions of chromatin are 1) to package DNA into a smaller volume to fit in the cell, 2) to strengthen the DNA to allow mitosis, 3) to prevent DNA damage, and 4) to control gene expression and DNA replication. The primary protein components of chromatin are histones that compact the DNA. Chromatin is only found in eukaryotic cells |
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Definition
| condensation and decondensation in cell cycle. Contains majority of chromosomal material |
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Definition
| highly condensed throughout the cell cycle. At centromeres and telomeres |
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Term
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Definition
| nucleoid, held in place by proteins |
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Definition
| changes regularly. Less packaged during interphase |
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| Outline the different levels of eukaryotic chromatin packaging from small scale to large scale. |
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Definition
o Nucleosome has DNA wrapped around an octamer of 8 histone proteins.
o Nucleosome + H1 histone = chromatosome.
o Looped fibers |
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Definition
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| Moderately repetitive DNA |
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Definition
may make up tRNA and rRNA
most has no known function |
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Term
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Definition
near centromeres and telomeres
no known function |
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Definition
| discovered nucleic acid from pus |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| repeating units called nucleotides that contained a base, a sugar, and a phosphate. |
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Definition
| different organisms have different compositions of bases |
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| Data Watson & Crick used to theorize the structure of DNA |
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Definition
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Term
| Which nucleotide bonds are stronger |
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Definition
CG because they are held together by 3 H bonds
AT have 2 |
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Definition
| means that single mRNA can code for several genes. This kind of mRNA is found in like prokaryotes but not in eukaryotes. |
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Term
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Definition
o A ribosomal binding site in prokaryotic mRNA, generally located around 8 bases upstream of the start codon AUG.
o Helps recruit the ribosome to the mRNA to initiate protein synthesis by aligning it with the start codon. |
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