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Definition
| a medical condition caused by shigella dysenteriae and highly associated with poverty and developing countries |
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Definition
| a bacterium that forms SLT toxins alongside EHEC 0157:H7 |
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Definition
| replacement of one or more genes present in one strain of bacteria with those from a genetically distinct strain. |
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Definition
| promotes genetic exchange between a fragment of donor and recipient DNA |
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Term
| Single strand displacement |
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Definition
| common form of recombination in many bacterial species |
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Definition
| a protein that unwinds the DNA helix and one strand is often degraded |
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Term
| Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia |
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Definition
| anemia with the presence of fragmented erythrocytes |
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Definition
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Definition
| low platelet counts (less than 100 thousand) |
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Definition
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| Resistance Transfer Factor (RTF) |
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Definition
| component of R-plasmid that encodes information that is important in aiding the donor bacteria transferring the plasmid to the recipient bacteria |
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Definition
| second component of R-plasmid that is the segment that encodes genetic information regarding antibiotics resistance |
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Definition
| method of transfer that is unidirectional through physical contact between two genetically unrelated bacteria |
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Definition
| method of transfer involving a prokaryote picking up genetic info from surrounding environment |
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Definition
| genetic transfer involving a prokaryote acquiring new genetic info through bacteriophage infection; and involves lambdoid bacteriophages |
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Definition
| transferrable plasmid that encodes toxic proteins who are to target neighboring bacteria thereby allowing bacterium to eliminate their competition |
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Definition
| the bacterium that contain col plasmid in order to eliminate neighboring bacteria |
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Definition
| the semi-dormant phase of the viral lifecycle where the incorporation of the viral genetic material occurs |
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Definition
| a transformed viral infected bacteria that will live out its normal life with a newly incorporated viral genetic sequence as well as producing progeny |
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Definition
| the phase in which the bacteria will become a viral factory concentrating its cellular function on producing more viruses |
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Definition
| bacteria that are capable of naturally or artificially forced to take up new genetic materials |
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Definition
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Definition
| proteins/enzymes designed to make certain that the DNA acquired is capable of being accepted |
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Definition
| that which takes the new genetic sequence into the cell if similarities in sequences exist |
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Definition
| newly acquired DNA sequence is incorporated into the homologous region of the bacterium DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| initial stage of viral infection of a cell, recognition of host cell |
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Term
| Cellular recognition proteins |
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Definition
| this is the site species-specific viruses recognize and attach to of a host cell before proceeding with the next step |
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Definition
| second step of viral infection; this is the insertion of the viral genetic material |
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Definition
| a method of penetration involving the merge/union between viral envelope and host cellular membrane whereby the entire virus enters host cell |
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Definition
| virus induces the formation of a channel protein through the host cellular membrane |
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Definition
| induces the host cell to absorb the entire viral particle |
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Definition
| third step of viral infection; the genetic material is inserted into the host cell’s DNA |
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Definition
| active phase, production of viral particles |
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Definition
| the manner that the virus incorporates its genetic information into a host cell’s genome |
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Definition
| an infected host cell that immediately proceeds into the dormant phase |
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Definition
| fourth step of viral infection which involves the active phase of viral particle production, inactivates host genes not necessary for reproduction and begins replication and synthesis of new proteins for the viral capsid |
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Definition
| fifth step of viral infection involves assembly of newly produced viruses within host cells |
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Definition
| sixth step of viral infection; discharges viruses into the surrounding environment |
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Definition
| the entire viral DNA is excluded while a large amount of bacterial chromosome is packaged into the virus |
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Term
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Definition
| this form of viral injected bacterial DNA do not replicate but is transmitted to one progeny following each division. Remain in the cytoplasm |
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Term
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Definition
| a partially diploid bacteria that is produced with the ability to replicate because the genetic sequence combines with the homologous regions of the new host’s bacterial chromosome |
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Term
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Definition
| small piece of the bacterial DNA is packaged along with the virus prior to dissemination of the virion. Only a few bacterial genes are packaged within the virus |
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Definition
| mutated bacteria that has lost the ability to synthesize one or more organic components |
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Definition
| wild type bacteria that can survive and synthesize all materials need in a minimal medium |
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Definition
| method of unidirectional transfer of genetic materials through direct physical contact between two genetically unrelated bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| autonomously replicating plasmids that found in unidirectional transfer, or bacterial conjunction |
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Definition
| a type of bacterium F+ cell that is responsible for transferring the genetic materials |
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Term
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Definition
| F- cell; a bacterium that receives the genetic material |
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Term
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Definition
| a small autonomously replicating plasmid and has the ability to form a sex pilus; the bacterium that is responsible for transferring the genetic materials possesses this |
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Term
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Definition
| conduit for transfer, sometimes formed by a bacterium responsible for transferring genetic materials |
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Term
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Definition
| the autonomously replicating plasmid (episome) exists unassociated plasmid located in the cytoplasm |
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Term
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Definition
| the autonomously replicating plasmid (episome) which is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome |
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Term
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Definition
| a bacterium that possesses an incorporated plasmid |
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Term
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Definition
| produced by plasmids who can transfer the entire bacterial chromosome from bacterium to the next |
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Term
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Definition
| flexable tube known to bring the two bacteria closer together but is not responsible for transferring genetic information. Connects the F+ and F- bacterium |
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Term
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Definition
| the establishment of intimate physical contact between a F+ and F-cell |
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Definition
| a channel that allows plasmid to be transferred between F+ and F- |
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Definition
| the place to allow only the transfer of plasmid and prevent the entire cellular content from transferring between the F cells |
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Term
| Enterohemorrhagic disease |
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Definition
| caused by EHEC/0157:H7 or E. coli |
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Term
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Definition
| characterized by the intimate attachment of the bacilli to the apical surfaces enterocytes of the intestines which result in the effacement of the brush border |
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Definition
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Definition
| group of toxins that consist of two polypeptide parts (ratios 1:5) |
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Definition
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Definition
| the binding protein and is essential to make the first component active |
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Term
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Definition
| Component B binds to this receptor found on human endothelial cells and nerve cells |
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Term
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Definition
| the binding of GB3 initiates endocytosis where Component A this and Golgi apparatus to the ER and nuclear envelope |
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Term
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Definition
| targets a single adenine residue from 28S ribosomal RNA |
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Definition
| AB toxins induce its expression |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of turning “on” the expression of genes in response to their environment |
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Term
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Definition
| the enzymes produced only when necessary |
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Term
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Definition
| the DNA replication of the self replicating plasmid can be initiated for uni-direction genetic transfer |
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Term
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Definition
| the site of initiation of replication of the self replicating plasmid but is used in cellular fission and not during the autonomously transfer of genetic material |
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Term
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Definition
| site of replication initiation of the self replicating plasmid but is used as a backup when OviT and OviV fail to function |
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Term
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Definition
| recognizes the locus containing OriT and cleaves it at a specific site called nic which forms a DNA break and thereby allowing the double stranded DNA to be pulled apart |
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Term
| Rolling circle replication |
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Definition
| the type of replication that takes place during genetic transfer |
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Term
| Positive control mechanism |
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Definition
| utilizes certain product of the regulator gene to turn on the expression of one or more structure genes or genes that specify the amino acid sequences of enzymes and other proteins |
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Term
| Negative control mechanism |
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Definition
| utilizes certain product of the regulator gene to turn off the expression of one or more structure genes or genes, that specify the amino acid sequences of enzymes and other proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| product of the regulator gene that is used to turn on expression |
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Term
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Definition
| product of the regulator gene that is used to turn off the expression |
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Term
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Definition
| activator or repressor will bind to this which is located next to an area called promoter which contains CpG island and TATA box |
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Term
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Definition
| area of the DNA which contains sequences such as CpG islands and TATA box |
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Term
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Definition
| OriT depends on the absence or presence of these molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| molecules that are involved in the promotion of gene expression |
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Term
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Definition
| molecules that are involved in the suppression of gene expression |
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Term
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Definition
| effector molecules binds to the product of the regulator gene and causes a change in this structure and activates the molecule |
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Term
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Definition
| the 5 genes that encode enzymes for the synthesis of tryptophan is turned on |
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Term
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Definition
| galactose+glucose medium of disaccharide sugar |
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Term
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Definition
| the area of control within the E. coli DNA and transcribes two enzymes |
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Term
| Beta-galactoside permease |
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Definition
| enzyme responsible for transporting disaccharide lac Y gene |
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Term
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Definition
| disaccharide transported by Beta galactoside permease |
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Term
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Definition
| enzyme responsible for catabolizing the disaccharide into monosaccharide glucose and galactose |
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Term
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Definition
| genetic sequence that encodes Beta-glactosidase |
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