Term
|
Definition
| the area within the nucleus that the chromosome is located |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the area in between the chromosome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rearrangement of your DNA in association with the histone protein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
When the DNA or genes is tightly wrapped inside the histone protein (no expression). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pro-dominant type of histone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| histone that is used for loosening. During the rearrangement of the chromatin, H2A.Z is placed on the sides of the DNA that is being transcribed (sort of like a book mark.) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the addition or removal of acetyl groups directly from the histone protein |
|
|
Term
| histone acetyltransferase (HATs) |
|
Definition
| the enzyme that helps acetylation. it also adds an acetyl group |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| HATs are recruited by these |
|
|
Term
| histone deacetylases (HDACs) |
|
Definition
| this enzyme removes acetyl goups |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| this plus co-repressor udergoes allosteric change. this also binds toto your RPBs site. one it binds it recruits HDACs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| segments of DNA which are attached to a small section of the histone protein. This also prevents chromatin remolding (which ultimately prevents loosening of DNA.) |
|
|
Term
| CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) |
|
Definition
| The only insulator element that we know in vertebrates |
|
|
Term
| Enzymatic phosphorylation |
|
Definition
| the addition of a phosphate group loosens the DNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the addition of a methyl group, tightens DNA transcription down |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the alternations either by adding phosphate or adding methyl |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The only complex we know of at the time is in single celled fungi |
|
|
Term
| transcriptional factories |
|
Definition
another way that transcriptional is being controlled by the eukaryotic. these are the specific location inside the nucleus where most of the polymerase can be found. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the direct methylation on the DNA itself. Methylation in this case, shuts a segment of the DNA off. Methylation usually occurs in our cytosine on position 5. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(a dormant X). One X is active while the other X is sleeping. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| means the cell is an embryonic stem cell and it can become anything it wants to be. This means it is not methylated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where it is specialized to become one particular type of cell. this is after totipotent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a cysteine analog of a specific area of DNA in particular the CpG islands. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a normal chromosome count |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a normal person with a full set of chromosomes (2N) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the loss or gain of one or a few chromosomes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is multiple of the same genome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
is multiple genomes from different species. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| picture of homologous chromosome in metaphase |
|
|
Term
| Phytohemagglutinin (lectin) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| chorionic villus sampling |
|
Definition
| taking a piece of the placenta or the fetus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
one of the causes of allopolyploidy. this occurs in anaphase II of meiosis. Monsomy and trisomy are both resulting from this condition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the necessary genes or chromosomes that create a viable offspring since your N -1 do not have enough dosage. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| me a person only has one X chromosome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| underdeveloped sex organs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| people have a lot of joint problems (elbows are curved) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a buildup of lymphatic fluids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| means parts of their bodies are turner |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| turner syndrome count when it is mosaic |
|
|
Term
| Monosomy – 7 (45 XX or XY – 7) |
|
Definition
| is autosome and is missing the number 7 chromosome |
|
|
Term
| de nova myelodysplatic disorder (MDS) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| comes before hemotopoisis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an abnormal development blood cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abnormal white blood cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| malfunctioning development of megakaryocytes |
|
|
Term
| acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANILL) |
|
Definition
| this signifies all myeloblast as well as monoblast. a condition where the leukocytes with the exception of lymphocytes do not completely mature |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| condition caused by sex chromosome nondisjunction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| kleinfelters chromosome count |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
under developed mammary gland as the female secondary characteristic. |
|
|
Term
| Trisomy X (47 XXX; Triplo – X) |
|
Definition
| these individuals are female (metafemale). they have no phenotypic characteristics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| another word for Jacob's syndrome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This condition was used as a successful criminal defense for Richard Specks, by his attorney for murdering 8 women |
|
|
Term
| Down’s Syndrome (47 XX, XY+21) |
|
Definition
| this type of down syndrome is also referred to as trisomy 21 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| resemblance of this condition to people of Asian descent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| has holes in it, which they are 3 ½ chambered |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| second type of Down syndrome which is a sub type of robertsonian translocation |
|
|
Term
| Patau syndrome (47 XX, XY+13 or trisomy 13) |
|
Definition
| this syndrome deals with a lot of central nervous system defects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| marked by the brain, the right and left hemisphere fail to separate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Edward’s Syndrome (47 XX, XY+18 or trisomy 18) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 80% percent of the survivors, for 2 months, are females |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a segment of chromosome is relocated to another chromosome, from one non-homologous chromosome to another non-homologous chromosome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is an exchange of segments between two non-homologous chromosomes but the exchange is even |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| offsprings do not survive |
|
|
Term
| robertsonian translocation |
|
Definition
this occurs between two non-homologous chromosomes.
This where the p and q arms of these non-homologous chromosomes split apart at the centromere. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The p arms don’t have a centromere. they are called this when they do not have a centromere |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ones that have centromere sticks together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| through centric fusion they form what is known as |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This is when majority of the 21 chromosome (which is part of the “G” group) is translocated to the “D” group chromosome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the loss of a piece of the chromosome (failure to cross over). also occurs in prophase I |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when a piece of the chromosome from the end or the other end (p arm or q arm) is gone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is inside, away from the ends by middle which is gone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
how scientist describe a tiny little piece of chromosome at the terminal end disappears. |
|
|
Term
| Cri du Chat syndrome (deletion 5p syndrome; 46 5p-) |
|
Definition
| an example of deletion that means "cries like a cat" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The area where the 5 chromosome p arm is missing that codes for this |
|
|
Term
| telomerase reverse transcriptase enzyme |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Wolf – Hirschhorn Syndrome (4p – deletion) |
|
Definition
| is a rare genetic disorder. The p arm is gone (number 4 chromosome) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the urethra opening is at the bottom of the penis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DiGeorge syndrome or 46 XX XY (22q11.2) deletion syndrome (Chromosome 22 |
|
Definition
| occurs 1 out of 4000 births |
|
|
Term
| congential heart defect (deformities or disease) – CHD |
|
Definition
| series of problems that digeorge can result from |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (the muscular wall that separates the right atrium from the left atrium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) |
|
Definition
| holes between the right and left ventricle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| obstruction of blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary trunk and thereby into pulmonary artery |
|
|
Term
| pulmonary artery stenosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| semi – lunar valve of the pulmonary trunk is defected thereby obstructing blood flow) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hypoplastic thymus is where these are matured |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the most numerous T – lymphocytes in your body |
|
|
Term
| macrophage migration inhibiting factor |
|
Definition
| causes chemotaxins of microphage to an area of infection and keeps the microphage there |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (hunter killers or natural killer cells) |
|
|
Term
| suppressor T cells (regulatory T cells) |
|
Definition
| help bring the immune system back to homeostasis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dealing with secondary immune response |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Y and T cells go after this |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Autoimmune hypoparathyroidism |
|
Definition
| a condition that can result from DiGeorge. This is when your body develops antigens against your own under developed thyroid gland |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the tingling of your fingers and toes and decreased consciousness, coma and could contribute to death |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP) |
|
Definition
when the body starts building up antibodies against your own platelet. |
|
|
Term
| Hashimoto’s (thyroiditis) disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ( a type of protein found in your thyroid) |
|
|
Term
| T3 (triiodothyamine) and T4 (thyroxin) |
|
Definition
| the two hormones from your thyroid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lack of T3 and T4 being produced and circulated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| estimated that 15% of all recognizable pregnancy is this |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tumor of the mesenchymal tissue. |
|
|
Term
| Prader – Willi syndrome (15q12) |
|
Definition
| the individual has hypertonia, progressive obesity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| caused by excessive chromosome instability (autosomal recessive condition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lack of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Another name for fanconi anemia, found in the Ashkenazi Jew population |
|
|
Term
| Chronic myelogenous leukemia -t (9p;22q) |
|
Definition
| cancer of white blood cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an abnormal mass of tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Small cell carcinoma (p14-23) |
|
Definition
| resulting from deletion or translocation |
|
|
Term
| Small cell carcinoma (p14-23) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Aniridia-Wilms tumor (11p15) |
|
Definition
| specific type of tumor that exists in your kidneys |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| causes fragile x chromosome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fragile X syndrome (Martin Bell syndrome) |
|
Definition
| occurs in one and 4000 males and one and 8000 females |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the gene responsible for Fragile X syndrome (Martin Bell syndrome) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| FMR-1 gene comprises of CGG |
|
|
