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| white blood cells that originate in bone marrow and undergo muturation in the thymus gland |
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| white blood cells that originate in bone marrow and mature in bone marrow. |
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| cells with the ability to surround and engulf viruses and microrganisms |
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| a class of proteins produced by B cells that couple or bind specifically to the class of proteins that stimulate the immune response (antigens) |
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| the process by which a cell surrounds a target, engulfs it, then lysosomes fuse with the encapulated material and digest it's prey |
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| Memory B cells and plasma cells |
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| myeloid stem cells give rise to |
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| T4 helper-inducer cells and T8 cytotoxic-supressor cells |
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| immune responses carried out by cells rather than antibodies in the blood serum |
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| immune responses carried out by cells rather than antibodies in the blood serum |
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| antibody-mediated or humoral immunity |
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| immune responses carried out by antibody molecules |
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Definition
| during development of antibody producing cells, the v genes undergo mutations at an exceptionally high rate, producing more variability |
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| refers to the capacity of the immune response to mount a rapid and vigorous response to the second and later contacts with an antigen because of memory cells that are formed as part of the immune response. |
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| a set of closely linked genes that tend to be inherited together |
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| HLA. cellular immune reactions that involve lymphocyte antigens, (RH+ RH-) |
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| any pathological condition that results from a person's immune response to their own cells or tissues |
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| Caused by the HIV virus, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome |
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Definition
| glycoprotein molecules that are used as chemical signals to communicate between cells in the immune system |
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Definition
| phenotypes that fall into two or more distinct, nonoverlaping classes |
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| phenotypes that are distributed from one extreme to another |
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| a phenotype that is dependent upon the interaction of several different genes |
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| The production of an exceptionally vigorous and/or productive hybrid progeny from a directed cross between two pure-breeding plant lines. |
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| the tendency of parents from an extreme end of a distribution to have offspring whose phenotpyes are closer to the population average. |
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| a measure of the spread of a distribution |
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| that proportion of the total variance for a trait that is caused by genes |
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| the belief that heredity is of overriding importance to determining individual characteristics |
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Definition
| an emotional disorder characterized by prolonged periods of deep depression |
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| an emotional disorder characterized by mood swings that cycle between manic activity and depression |
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Definition
| a behavioral disorder characterized by disordered thought processes and withdrawal from reality |
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| a behavioral disorder characterized by motor and vocal tics and inappropriate language |
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Definition
| a hetrogenous condition associated with the development of brain lesions personality changes and degeneration of intellect. |
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| Hardy-Weinberg law of genetic equilibrium |
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Definition
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Definition
| frequency of dominant alleles |
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Definition
| frequency of recessive allele |
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Definition
| frequency of homozygotes for the dominant allele |
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Definition
| frequency of heterozygotes |
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Term
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Definition
| frequency of homozygotes for the recessive allele |
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Definition
is when gene and genotypic frequencies stay the same for many generations
Assumes very large population, no selection, random mating, no migration, and no mutation |
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Definition
| gene frequencies of a population change over time |
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Definition
| genetic drift observed in a population founded by a small nonrepresentative sample of a larger population |
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| a marked reduction in the size of a population that potentially leads to genetic drift |
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Definition
| the occurrance of two or more genotypes in a population |
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| random fluctuations in gene frequency due to small population size |
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Definition
| the relative ability of a given genotpye to survive and to reproduce |
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| variation is an inherent characteristic, the most fit will survive to reproduce |
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| sexual relations between close relatives |
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| The collection of alleles available among reproductive members of a population. |
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Definition
| A peptide hormone that is produced by fat cells. It plays a role in body weight regulation by acting on the hypothalamus to suppress appetite and burn fat stored in adipose tissue. |
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| The study of the patterns, causes, and control of disease in groups of people. |
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| An enzyme composed of a catalytic protein component and an RNA template which synthesizes DNA at the ends of chromosomes and confers replicative immortality to cells. |
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| an adjective referring to primate human ancestors and the rest of the human line or family, starting from Australopithecus |
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Definition
| The differential survival and reproduction of organisms with genetic characteristics that enable them to better utilize environmental resources |
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| is a mental illness that mainly affects a person's mood. |
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Definition
"handy man" bigger brain than afarenis and very human looking hands and feet
predominantly right handed
lived between 2.4 and 1.6mya
smaller teeth than australopicthecenes though larger than ours
produced tools |
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Term
| Australopicthecus afarensis |
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Definition
Lucky, lived 3.6-4mya
walked upright, long arms, short legs, skull ape-like, small brain case, receding face and large canine teeth |
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Term
| Australopicthecus Africanus |
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Definition
| 2.2mya, did not make tools, omnivore. Larger brain than lucy |
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Term
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Definition
originated in Africa
about 2mya
eye ridges, sloping forehead, no chin, powerful jaws, protruding mouth, conical rib cage, long legs and short toes, larger than homo habilis |
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| a genotypically distinct subgroup of a species |
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