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| a bacteria that has developed certain characteristics that allow them to surive in harsh environments |
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| gain of new genetic abilities |
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| starving bacteria & give them only bare necessities to see if they can survive |
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| can live in minimum medium |
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| cannot live in minimum medium |
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| replacement of one or more bacterail genes from a genetically distinct strand |
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| promote a genetic exchange between a DNA fragment & a donor |
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| Single Strand Displacement |
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Definition
| takes in dsDNA and degrades one strang to use the other as a template |
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| ways that genetic recombination can take place |
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| formation of sex pilus allowing to share genetic information |
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| picking up left behind DNA |
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| gaining of genetic information |
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| sharing of genetic info unidirectionally |
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| single direction transfer |
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| a plasmid that can replicate on its own |
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| a plasmid that can replicate on its own |
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| apart of the bacterial genome |
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part of the genome
high frequency recombination cell |
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fertility factor
owned by donor bacteria |
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| F pilus (sex pilus) is made from |
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Definition
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| place where genetic exchange takes place |
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| prevents cytoplasm from interfearing with the donor |
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| origin of transfer-- where DNA replication of the episome is initiated |
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| cuts the parallel and antiparallel strand |
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| initiation site of replication of the episome in bianary fision |
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| IF OriV is not working---initiation site of replication of the episome in bianary fision |
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| a transferrable plasmid but cannot form a sex pilus or conjugational channel |
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| R-Plasmid part that encodes genetic info about antibiotic resistance |
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can be possessed by R Plasmid
encodes toxin protein |
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| capable of being transferred |
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| incorporated DNA into bacterial genome |
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| expose bacteria to voltage to make membrane more permeable |
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| turns host cell into virus making factory |
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| steps to viral infection (5) |
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Definition
| attachment- penetration-insertion-maturation-release |
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| ways a virus can penetrate (3) |
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Definition
| fusion- channel formation- endocytosis |
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Definition
| a genetic mistake when a small piece of bacterial DNA is packed into a virus |
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| virus packs as muct host DNA into capsid as possible |
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| complete transduction causing electrohemorrhighc disease |
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| hemolytic-uremic syndrome |
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Definition
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| Two purposes "b toxin" serves |
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Definition
| cellular recognition biinding protein- activate "a toxins" |
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| globtriaosylceramide (Gb3) |
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Definition
| glycolipid cell membrane receptor targeted by "b toxin" |
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| once in the nuclear envelope "a toxin" acts as |
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| ligand that triggers chemotaxis |
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| causes WBC to move to infection location |
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| microangiopathic hemolytic anemia |
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| decrease in blood platelets |
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| protective pigment of staphylococcus aureus |
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| reactive-oxygen intermediate (RIO) |
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| reactive-oxygen intermediate (RIO) |
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| reactive-oxygen intermediate (RIO) |
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Definition
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| reactive-oxygen intermediate (RIO) |
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Definition
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| macrophage inside vesicle |
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| respiratory bursts initiates |
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| membrane bounded oxidate causes oxygen reduction into (3) |
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| prevent bacteria from forming a cell wall |
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| codes for beta glactoside permease |
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| codes for enzyme beta galactosidase |
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| regulator protein binding site (RPBS) |
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Definition
| can turn off or on transcription of a gene. next to the promotor region of the gene that you are controlling |
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| effector molecules (2 groups) |
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| turns off gene transition |
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| stimulates the rate of cell division/ cell growth |
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| produced in pituitary gland |
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triggers skeletal muscles
insulin growth factor I & II |
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| produces naturally in insectiside called crystal toxin |
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black sigatoka
fusarium oxyporum |
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| comes in and removes 1 phosphate |
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| transfers GMP to diphosphate end |
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| adds a methyl group to the cap called 7-methylguanosine |
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| channel protein on nuclear membrane |
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