Term
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Definition
| Molecules that when joined together make up the structural units of RNA and DNA. (DNA has 4 nucleotides: Adenine, Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine). |
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Term
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Definition
| An unstable isotope of an element, an isotope being a version of an element with a distinct number of neutrons |
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Term
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Definition
| Amino Acids that can’t be synthesized but must be taken in with the diet. |
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Term
| Primary Structure (Proteins) |
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Definition
| The sequences of amino acids that make up the protein and determine the folding behavior of the protein |
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Term
| Redundancy (Genetic Code) |
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Definition
| More than one triplet of bases can code for the same amino acid |
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Term
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Definition
| Genes with a high degree of base sequence similarity that shows origin via gene duplication from a concestral gene |
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Term
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Definition
| Arises where one organism lives inside another and each benefits from the relationship |
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Term
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Definition
| Refers to the synthesis of a mRNA using one strand of the DNA in a gene as a template |
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Term
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Definition
| A third domain of life that are similar to bacteria and often live in extreme environments |
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Term
| Complementary Base Pairing |
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Definition
| When the nucleotides match up proportionally (A to T and G to C). |
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Term
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Definition
| RNA that transfers a specific active amino acid to a growing polypeptide chain at the ribosomal site of protein synthesis during translation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Biological process in which DNA is copied. |
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Term
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Definition
| The synthesis of a mRNA using one strand of the DNA in a gene as a template. |
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Term
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Definition
| Molecule of RNA encoding a chemical “blueprint” for a protein product |
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Term
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Definition
| Any Sequence of 3 nucleotides in order |
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Term
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Definition
| The complementary 3 base sequence on DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| A set of rules in which information encoded in genetic material (DNA and mRNA sequences) is translated into proteins by living cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Initiating and terminating translation |
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Term
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Definition
| Proteins that catalyze (increase or decrease) chemical reactions |
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Term
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Definition
| Protein that’s used by the immune system to detect and destroy bacteria and viruses. |
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Term
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Definition
| Small changes in the DNA Sequence |
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Term
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Definition
| Occur when one or more adjoining base pairs is inserted into the gene or delted from the gene (base pair “insertions” or “deletions”) |
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Term
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Definition
| Changes in the DNA Sequence |
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Term
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Definition
| New triplet codes for the same amino acid as the old triplet because of “Redundancy” in the genetic code. |
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Term
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Definition
| A base pair change that results in a change in the amino acid that is coded for by the triplet. |
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Term
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Definition
| When a stop codon arises in the middle of mRNA that terminates translation prematurely. |
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Term
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Definition
| A component that creates proteins from all amino acids and RNA representing the protein. |
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Term
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Definition
| Changes that do not alter the meaning of a triplet |
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Term
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Definition
| Mutations that change the meaning of a triplet and cause one amino acid in the protein to be replaced |
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Term
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Definition
| A substance that initiates or accelerates a chemical reaction without itself being affected. |
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Term
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Definition
| A sequence of events involved in the evolutionary development of a species or taxonomic group of organisms. |
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Definition
| reaction that manufactures its own catalysts |
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Term
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Definition
| “backbone” of DNA that encodes information. |
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Term
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Definition
| Set of pathways that break down molecules into smaller units and release energy |
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Term
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Definition
| Set of metabolic pathways that construct molecules into smaller units. |
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Term
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Definition
| A codon of 3 consecutive bases |
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Term
| Non Essential Amino Acids |
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Definition
| Amino acids that can be synthesized and do not require being taken in by the diet |
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Term
| Hydrogen Bonding vs Covalent Bonding |
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Definition
| Covalent bonds are stronger than hydrogen bonds and are able to bond to most elements on the periodic table. Hydrogen Bonds are only able to bond to oxygen, nitrogen or fluorine. |
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Term
| Molecular Clock Hypothesis |
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Definition
| the genetic distance or degree of difference in DNA or protein between any two species is roughly proportional to the length of time since they diverged from the concestor. |
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Term
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Definition
| Genetic factors are passed on from one generation to the next |
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Term
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Definition
| contained a primaveal ocean and primordial atmosphere that consisted of methane, ammonia, water vapour and hydrogen. |
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Term
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Definition
| Origin of the pre-biotic soup was from the pre biotic earth and the nature of it consisted of organic compound consisting of no less than 7 amino acids |
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Term
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Definition
| Stimulates the transcription of genes |
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Term
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Definition
| lovers of superheat (extreme heated temperatures) |
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Term
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Definition
| Prokaryotes, Eukaryote and Bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| Genes that are highly conserved |
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Term
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Definition
| Group of organisms that lack a nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
| Group of organisms that have a nucleus |
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