Term
| What is a gamma globulin plasma protein that is made of 4 polypeptide chains, 2 which are light and the other 2 are heavy. the structure is glycosylated. |
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Definition
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Term
| AN immunoglobulin that binds a specific antigen |
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Definition
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Term
| A substance that can be bound by an antibody |
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Definition
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Term
| A substance that induces an immune response |
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Definition
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Term
| True/False All immunogens are antigenic but not all antigens are immunogenic |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the general properties of an antibody. |
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Definition
1. Made of multiple polypeptide chains
2. THe gene encoding the polypeptide is created by rearrangement, then transcribed and translated
3. there is diversity in binding specificity.
4. FUnctions in host defense, allergic reactions, and certain immune-mediated diseases |
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Term
| What are the basic steps of Ig Gene expression? |
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Definition
1. Gene segments are found on different parts of a chromosome
2. Selection and rearrangement/ assembly of gene segments.
3. a Rearrangend functional gene or transcription unit is formed
4. transcription
5. RNA processing
6. Translation |
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Term
| the structures of an Ig are maintained by what? |
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Definition
| disulfide bonds and noncovalent forces |
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Term
| how are L chains designated? |
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Definition
K (Kappa) or L(greek lambda)(lambda)
Never both only one or the other |
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Term
| The fab fragment is responsible for |
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Definition
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Term
| The Fc fragment is responsible for.. |
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Definition
| Its the crystallizable fragment that binds to immune effector cells. |
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Term
| What enzyme has the ability to cleave Ig |
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Definition
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Term
| THe part of the variable region that has the amino terminal domain of L and H and has the binding site for Ag. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the sites that come in contact with the Ag |
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Definition
| Hypervariable region AKA complentarity determining region |
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Term
| What are the Ig classes and subclasses based on? |
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Definition
| Based on the type of H chain (AAs in the C domain) |
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Term
| Name the 5 major classes of H chains |
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Definition
IgG (IgG1-IgG4)
IgA (IgA1 and IgA2)
IgM
IgD
IgE |
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Term
| Which Igs for mulitmers and how |
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Definition
Pentameric IgM and dimeric IgA
the individual Igs are joined together by disulfide bonds and j chain |
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Term
| THe additional gylcoprotein that is added to secretory IgA that is derived from the receptor of on epithelial cells |
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Definition
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Term
| The kappa gene cluster encodes |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 2 phases of Ig synthesis and secretion? |
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Definition
1. Ig Expression During B cell maturation.
- Antigen-independent phase
2. Ig Expression After B cell activation with an Ag
- Antigen dependent phase |
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Term
| What are the enzymes involved in antigen independent b cell maturation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What antigen independent steps occur during b cell maturation |
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Definition
this process occurs in the bone marrow. involves selection, recombination assembly, and formation of the functional gene for the L and H chains
This process occurs separately for kappa, lambda, and H chains
transription and translation produce the b cell receptor for an Ag |
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Term
| What does the library for the lambda and kappa chains contain? |
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Definition
| V segments, J segments, and C segments |
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Term
| What does the H chain library include? |
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Definition
| v segments, d segments, j segment, and c segments |
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Term
| What are the steps of light chain rearrangement, assembly, and expression? |
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Definition
1. Somatic rearrangement brings selected V and J segments together
2. The V-J segment combines with a variable C segment
3. the primary transcript is transcribed, spliced and translated forming the light chain |
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Term
| What are the steps of H gene rearrangement, assembly, amd expression |
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Definition
1. Somatic rearrangement brings the D and J segments together
2. Somatic rearrangement brings selected V and DJ segments together
3. The VDJ segment combines with a C segment
4. the primary transcript is transcribed, spliced and translated forming the heavy chain |
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Term
| What are the first 2 Tg expressed on the B cell surface? |
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Definition
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Term
| When does B cell activation occur? |
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Definition
| It occurs when the surface Ig binds it Ag |
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Term
| What is the first Ig secreted? |
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Definition
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Term
| Antibody secreting mature Bcells |
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Definition
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Term
| The part of the Ab that changes after binding to an antigen |
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Definition
| the constant region on the H chain |
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Term
| the difference between secreted Igs and membrane bound Igs |
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Definition
membrane bound Igs have a transmembrane portion
a small extra exon at the 3' end of the last constant domain
this is due to althernative splicing |
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Term
| What is it called when the antibody class switches from IgM (or IgD) to IgG, IgA, or IgE |
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Definition
class switching AKA isotype switch
involves a second gene rearrangement/recombination event |
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Term
| The spliced out DNA that is produced by a class switch |
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Definition
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Term
| What other immune molecules share Ig-like domain organization, involved in host defense, and function as coreceptors, cell-cell adhesion, inflammation, co-stimulation, and cell activation |
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Definition
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Term
| Examples of molecules that are a part of the Ig gene superfamily |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 2 types of t cell receptors |
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Definition
| alpha-beta and gamma-delta |
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Term
| What is required for a t cell to bind to an antigen |
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Definition
| the Ag must be complexed in a MHC complex |
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Term
| What is required for a t cell to bind to an antigen |
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Definition
| the Ag must be complexed in a MHC complex |
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Term
| THe alpha chain on the Tcell receptor is similar to what on the B cell receptor? |
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Definition
| simialr to the heavy chain |
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Term
| The beta chain on the t cell receptor is similar to what on the b cell receptor |
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Definition
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Term
| the variable region of a alpha chain or the light chain is made by |
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Definition
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Term
| THe B chain or the heavy chain variable region is created by |
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Definition
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Term
| Does somatic mutation contribute to T cell receptor diversity |
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Definition
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